If we confine our attention to the extant pedimental figures, we find
wide differences of opinion as to their interpretation. The figures in
the angles are the only ones as to which there can be no doubt. On the
left the sun-god, Helios, rises from the ocean, driving his car, and
on the right the moon-goddess Selenè sets beneath the horizon.
These two figures may be interpreted as marking the boundaries either
of Olympos or of the universe. It has also been suggested that they
indicate the hour at which the birth took place. This, according to
Attic tradition, was at sunrise.
Thus far the interpretation rests upon sure grounds. Of the remaining
figures in the pediment, J has been generally recognised as Victory
greeting the newly born Goddess, and G has been generally taken for
Iris, announcing the news to the world (but see below, G). None of
the remaining figures have been conclusively identified. Most of
the numerous schemes of interpretation that have been proposed are
exhibited in a table by Michaelis, _Der Parthenon_, p. 165, cf. _Guide
to the Elgin Room, I._, Table A. As regards the general principles of
interpretation it is to be observed that the schemes may be divided
into two classes. We may either suppose with the earlier critics that
the space bounded by Helios and Selenè represents Olympos, and that
all the figures contained within this space are definite mythological
personages, probably deities, who may be supposed to have been present
at the birth; or we may assume that all the deities present were
comprised in the central part of the pediment, and that the figures
towards the angles belong to the world outside Olympos, to whom the
news is brought. These may be definite mythological persons, or they
may be figures personifying parts of the natural world. Compare the
Homeric Hymn to Athenè, and Pindar, _Olymp._, vii., 35.
The best views of this pediment are (1) the drawing of Carrey in
the Bibliothèque Nationale (pl. v., fig. 1). A facsimile in
the British Museum; in Laborde, _Le Parthénon_, and _Antike
Denkmaeler_, I., pl. 6 (exhibited in Elgin Room); (2) sketch by
Pars, engraved in Stuart, vol. II., chap. I., pl. 1. The original
drawing is in the Print Room of the British Museum. For a list of
proposed restorations, see Schneider, _Geburt der Athena_, p. 23,
pls. 2-7; Waldstein, _Essays_, p. 139. For Sauer's examination of
the pediment, see _Athenische Mittheilungen_, XVI., pl. 3, p.
59; _Antike Denkmaeler_, I., pl. 58. The ends of the pediment are
reproduced in figs. 7, 8.
[Illustration: Fig. 7.--The South End of the East Pediment of the
Parthenon (according to Sauer).]
[Illustration: Fig. 8--The North End of the East Pediment of the
Parthenon (according to Sauer).]
[Sidenote: =303 A.=]
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