[Transcriber's note: The spelling inconsistencies of the original are preserved in this etext.] A CENTURY OF NEGRO MIGRATION Carter G. Woodson TO MY FATHER JAMES WOODSON WHO MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR ME TO ENTER THE LITERARY WORLD A CENTURY OF NEGRO MIGRATION PREFACE In treating this movement of the Negroes, the writer does not presume to say the last word on the subject. The exodus of the Negroes from the South has just begun. The blacks have recently realized that they have freedom of body and they will now proceed to exercise that right. To presume, therefore, to exhaust the treatment of this movement in its incipiency is far from the intention of the writer. The aim here is rather to direct attention to this new phase of Negro American life which will doubtless prove to be the most significant event in our local history since the Civil War. Many of the facts herein set forth have seen light before. The effort here is directed toward an original treatment of facts, many of which have already periodically appeared in some form. As these works, however, are too numerous to be consulted by the layman, the writer has endeavored to present in succinct form the leading facts as to how the Negroes in the United States have struggled under adverse circumstances to flee from bondage and oppression in quest of a land offering asylum to the oppressed and opportunity to the unfortunate. How they have often been deceived has been carefully noted. With the hope that this volume may interest another worker to the extent of publishing many other facts in this field, it is respectfully submitted to the public. CARTER G. WOODSON. Washington, D.C., March 31, 1918. CONTENTS I.--Finding a Place of Refuge II.--A Transplantation to the North III.--Fighting it out on Free Soil IV.--Colonization as a Remedy for Migration V.--The Successful Migrant VI.--Confusing Movements VII.--The Exodus to the West VIII.--The Migration of the Talented Tenth IX.--The Exodus during the World War BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX MAPS AND DIAGRAMS Map Showing the Per Cent of Negroes in Total Population, by States: 1910 Diagram Showing the Negro Population of Northern and Western Cities in 1900 and 1910 Maps Showing Counties in Southern States in which Negroes Formed 50 Per Cent of the Total Population CHAPTER I FINDING A PLACE OF REFUGE