A century of science in America : $b with special reference to the American Journal of Science, 1818-1918
History
A century of science in America : $b with special reference to the American Journal of Science, 1818-1918
American journal of science; Science -- United States -- History
To our own Professor Gooch especial praise must be accorded for the very
large number of analytical methods that have been devised, or critically
studied, by him and his students, and for the excellent quality of this
work. The publications in the Journal from his laboratory began in 1890
(=39=, 188), and the extraordinary extent of this work is shown by the
fact that the three hundredth paper from the Kent Laboratory appeared in
May, 1918. These very numerous and important investigations have been of
great scientific and practical value, and they have formed a striking
feature of the Journal for nearly 30 years. In 1912 Gooch published his
“Methods in Chemical Analysis,” a book of over 500 pages, in which the
work in the Kent Chemical Laboratory up to that time was concisely
presented. Among the many workers who have assisted in these
investigations, P. E. Browning, W. A. Drushel, F. S. Havens, D. A.
Kreider, C. A. Peters, I. K. Phelps and R. G. Van Name are particularly
prominent. Besides many other useful pieces of apparatus, the perforated
filtering crucible was devised by Gooch, and this has brought his name
into everyday use in all chemical laboratories.
Volumetric analysis was originated by Gay-Lussac, who described a method
for chlorimetry in 1824, for alkalimetry in 1828, and for the
determination of silver and chlorides in 1832. Margueritte devised
titrations with potassium permanganate in 1846, while Bunsen, not far
from the same time, introduced the use of iodine and sulphur dioxide
solutions for the purpose of determining many oxidations and reductions.
We owe to Mohr some improvements in apparatus and a German text-book on
the subject, while Sutton wrote an excellent English work on volumetric
analysis, of which many editions have appeared.
While volumetric analysis began to be used less than one hundred years
ago, its applications have been gradually extended to a very great
degree, and it is not only exceedingly important in investigations in
pure chemistry, but its use is especially extensive in technical
laboratories where large numbers of rapid analyses are required.
Not a few volumetric methods have been devised or improved in the United
States, but mention will be made here only of Cooke’s important method
for the determination of ferrous iron in insoluble silicates, published
in the Journal (=44=, 347, 1867); to Penfield’s method for the
determination of fluorine in 1878; and to the more recent general method
of titration with an iodate in strong hydrochloric acid solutions, due
to L. W. Andrews, a number of applications of which have been worked out
in the Sheffield Laboratory.
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