G. C. Swallow (1817–1899) in 1858 was the first to announce the presence of Permian fossils in Kansas, and this led to a controversy between himself and F. B. Meek, both claiming the discovery. It is only in more recent years that it has been generally admitted that there is Permian in that state, in Oklahoma, and in Texas. This admission came the more readily through the discovery of many reptiles in the red beds of Texas, and through the work of C. A. White, published in 1891, The Texan Permian and its Mesozoic Types of Fossils (Bull. U. S. Geological Survey, No. =77=). [Illustration: James Hall] _Carboniferous Formations._—The coal formations are noted in a general way throughout the earliest volumes of the Journal. The first accounts of the presence of coal, in Ohio, are by Caleb Atwater (=1=, 227, 239, 1819), and S. P. Hildreth (=13=, 38, 40, 1828). The first coal plants to be described and illustrated were also from Ohio, in an article by Ebenezer Granger in 1821 (=3=, 5–7). The anthracite field was first described in 1822 by Zachariah Cist (=4=, 1) and then by Benjamin Silliman (=10=, 331–351, 1826); that of western Pennsylvania was described by William Meade in 1828 (=13=, 32). The Lower Carboniferous was first recognized by W. W. Mather in 1838 (=34=, 356). Later, through the work of Alexander Winchell (1824–1891), beginning in 1862 (=33=, 352) and continuing until 1871, and through the surveys of Iowa (1855–1858), Illinois (essentially the work of A. H. Worthen, 1858–1888), Ohio (1838, Mather, etc.), and Indiana (Owen, etc., 1838), there was eventually worked out the following succession: Permian period. Upper Barren series. Dunkard group. Washington group. Pennsylvanian period. Upper Productive Coal series. Monongahela series. Lower Barren Coal Measures. Conemaugh series. Lower Productive Coal Measures. Allegheny series. Pottsville series. _The New York System._—We now come to the epochal survey of the State of New York, one that established the principles of, and put order into, American stratigraphy from the Upper Cambrian to the top of the Devonian. No better area could have been selected for the establishing of this sequence. This survey also developed a stratigraphic nomenclature based on New York localities and rock exposures, and made full use of the entombed fossils in correlation. Incidentally it developed and brought into prominence James Hall, who continued the stratigraphic work so well begun and who also laid the foundation for paleontology in America, becoming its leading invertebrate worker.