A Century's Progress in AstronomyMacpherson, Hector
History
A Century's Progress in Astronomy
Macpherson, Hector
Astronomy -- History
Although Herschel made several important observations on the Moon, and
measured the heights of the lunar mountains, he was not a devoted
student of our satellite. Caroline Herschel remarks in her memoirs that
if it had not been for clouds or moonlight, neither her brother nor
herself would have got any sleep; adding that Herschel on the moonlight
nights prepared his papers or made visits to London. However, he did
make some investigations, and in 1783 and 1787 believed himself to have
witnessed the eruption of three lunar volcanoes. He afterwards
concluded, however, that what he believed to be eruptions was really the
reflexion of earth-shine from the white peaks of the lunar mountains.
Herschel never discovered a comet, leaving that branch of astronomy to
his sister, who discovered eight of these objects. He was, however, much
interested in comets, and attentively studied them, introducing the
terms of “head,” “nucleus,” and “coma.” Herschel anticipated the view
that comets are not lasting, but are partly disintegrated at their
perihelion passages. He was of opinion that they travelled from star to
star. The extent of their tails and appendages he thought to be a test
of their age.
We have now completed our sketch of Herschel’s important labours
regarding our Solar System. As Miss Clerke says, “A whole cycle of
discoveries and successful investigations began and ended with him.” But
through observing the stars he made a further discovery in connection
with the Solar System; indeed, one of the greatest discoveries in the
history of astronomy—the movement through space of the Sun, carrying
with it planets and comets.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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