A Century's Progress in AstronomyMacpherson, Hector
History
A Century's Progress in Astronomy
Macpherson, Hector
Astronomy -- History
The discovery of the next temporary star was announced February 1, 1892,
by the Rev. _Thomas_ _D. Anderson_, a Scottish amateur astronomer, in a
post-card to the Astronomer-Royal of Scotland. The star was situated in
the constellation Auriga. An examination of photographs, taken at
Harvard Observatory, showed that the new star had appeared December 10,
1891, and had risen to a maximum of the fourth magnitude ten days later.
On a photograph taken by Max Wolf on December 8 the new star was not
visible. After Anderson’s visual discovery, the spectrum of the new star
was studied by Copeland, Huggins, Lockyer, Vogel, Campbell, and others.
Bright hydrogen lines were visible in the spectrum, which appeared to be
actually double, giving support to the theory that the outburst was the
result of a collision between two dark bodies; and this was confirmed by
the measurements of radial motion by the Potsdam astronomers.
After March 9, 1892, the new star steadily faded, falling to the
sixteenth magnitude on April 26. But on August 17 _Edward Singelton
Holden_ (born 1846), director of the Lick Observatory, and his
assistants, Schaeberle and Campbell, found it of the tenth magnitude. On
August 19 Barnard found it transformed into a planetary nebula: while
various spectroscopic observations of the revived Nova revealed the
nebular lines. By the end of 1894 the new star had faded to the eleventh
magnitude, and early in 1901 was observed as a minute nebula.
After 1892 several new stars appeared, and were detected on photographic
plates by _Mrs Fleming_ (born 1857), of Harvard Observatory. The first
of these, in the southern constellation Norma, was discovered in 1893 by
its peculiar spectrum on a Draper spectrographic plate taken at Harvard.
But the new star rose only to the seventh magnitude. Other new stars
were discovered in Carina (Argo) in 1895, in Centaurus in 1895, in
Sagittarius in 1898, and in Aquila in 1900. Nova Sagittarii was, at its
brightest, fully equal to Nova Aurigæ, and was plainly visible to the
naked eye, but was never observed visually.
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