A Civic Biology, Presented in ProblemsHunter, George W. (George William)
Science
A Civic Biology, Presented in Problems
Hunter, George W. (George William)
Biology; Sanitation
Unselfishness the Motto.--Pupils should be unselfish in the care of a
school building. Papers and scraps dropped by some careless boy or girl
make unpleasant the surroundings for hundreds of others. Chalk thrown by
some mischievous boy and then tramped underfoot may irritate the lungs of a
hundred innocent schoolmates. Colds or worse diseases may be spread through
the filthy habits of some boys who spit in the halls or on the stairways.
Lunch Time and Lunches.--If you bring your own lunch to school, it should
be clean, tasty, and well balanced as a ration. In most large schools
well-managed lunch rooms are part of the school equipment, and balanced
lunches can be obtained at low cost. Do not make a lunch entirely from cold
food, if hot can be obtained. Do not eat only sweets. Ice cream is a good
food, if taken with something else, but be sure of your ice cream. "Hokey
pokey" cream, tested in a New York school laboratory, showed the presence
of many more colonies of bacteria than _good_ milk would show. Above all,
be sure the food you buy is clean. Stands on the street, exposed to dust
and germs, often sell food far from fit for human consumption.
[Illustration: A sensible lunch box, sanitary and compact.]
If you eat your lunch on the street near your school, remember not to
scatter refuse. Paper, bits of lunch, and the like scattered on the streets
around your school show lack of school spirit and lack of civic pride. Let
us learn above all other things to be good citizens.
[Illustration: Dust exhausts on grinding wheels protect lungs of the
workmen.]
Inspection of Factories, Public Buildings, etc.--It is the duty of a city
to inspect the condition of all public buildings and especially of
factories. Inspection should include, first, the supervision of the work
undertaken. Certain trades where grit, dirt, or poison fumes are given off
are dangerous to human health, hence care for the workers becomes a
necessity. Factories should also be inspected as to cleanliness, the amount
of air space per person employed, ventilation, toilet facilities, and
proper fire protection. Tenement inspection should be thorough and should
aim to provide safe and sanitary homes.
Inspection of Food Supplies.--In a city certain regulations for the care of
public supplies are necessary. Foods, both fresh and preserved, must be
inspected and rendered safe for the thousands of people who are to use
them. All raw foods exposed on stands should be covered so as to prevent
insects or dust laden with bacteria from coming in contact with them. Meats
must be inspected for diseases, such as tuberculosis in beef, or
trichinosis in pork. Cold storage plants must be inspected to prevent the
keeping of food until it becomes unfit for use. Inspection of sanitary
conditions of factories where products are canned, or bakeries where foods
are prepared, must be part of the work of a city in caring for its
citizens.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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