A Civic Biology, Presented in ProblemsHunter, George W. (George William)
Science
A Civic Biology, Presented in Problems
Hunter, George W. (George William)
Biology; Sanitation
Care of Raw Foods.--Each one of us may cooperate with the city government
by remembering that fruits and vegetables can be carriers of disease,
especially if they are sold from exposed stalls or carts and handled by the
passers-by. All vegetables, fruits, or raw foods should be carefully washed
before using. Spoiled or overripe fruit, as well as meat which is decayed,
is swarming with bacteria and should not be used.
An interesting exercise would be the inspection of conditions in your own
home block. Make a map showing the houses on the block. Locate all stores,
saloons, factories, etc. Notice any cases of contagious disease, marking
this fact on the map. Mark all heaps of refuse in the street, all uncovered
garbage pails, any street stands that sell uncovered fruit, and any stores
with an excessive number of flies.
In addition to food inspection, two very important supplies must be
rendered safe by a city for its citizens. These are milk and water.
[Illustration: Clean cows in clean barns with clean milkers and clean milk
pails means clean milk in the city.]
Care in Production of Milk.--Milk when drawn from a healthy cow should be
free from bacteria. But immediately on reaching the air it may receive
bacteria from the air, from the hands of the person who milks the cows,
from the pail, or from the cow herself. Cows should, therefore, be milked
in surroundings that are sanitary, the milkers should wear clean garments,
put on over their ordinary clothes at milking time, while pails and all
utensils used should be kept clean. Especially the surface exposed on the
udder from which the milk is drawn should be cleansed before milking.
Most large cities now send inspectors to the farms from which milk is
supplied. Farms that do not accept certain standards of cleanliness are not
allowed to have their milk become part of the city supply.
Tuberculosis and Milk.--It is recognized that in some European countries
from 30 to 40 per cent of all cattle have tuberculosis. Many dairy herds in
this country are also infected. It is also known that the tubercle bacillus
of cattle and man are much alike in form and action and that _probably_ the
germ from cattle would cause tuberculosis in man. Fortunately, the
tuberculosis germ does not _grow_ in milk, so that even if milk from
tubercular cattle should get into our supply, it would be diluted with the
milk of healthy cattle. In order to protect our milk supply from these
germs it would be necessary to kill all tubercular cattle (almost an
impossibility) or to pasteurize our milk so as to kill the germs in it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account