A Civic Biology, Presented in ProblemsHunter, George W. (George William)
Science
A Civic Biology, Presented in Problems
Hunter, George W. (George William)
Biology; Sanitation
Eighth week. WHAT PLANTS TAKE FROM THE SOIL, HOW THEY DO THIS. Use of root.
Influence of gravity and water. Why? Absorption a function. Root hairs.
Demonstration. Pocket gardens, optional home work, but each pupil must work
on root hairs from actual specimen. How root absorbs. Osmosis; what
substances will osmose. Experiments to demonstrate this.
Ninth week. COMPOSITION OF SOIL. What root hairs take out of soil. Plant
needs mineral matter to make living matter. Why? Nitrogen necessary.
Sources of nitrogen, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Relation of this to man.
Rotation of crops.
Tenth week. HOW GREEN PLANTS MAKE FOOD. Passage of liquids up stem.
Demonstration. Structure of a green leaf. Cellular structure demonstrated.
Microscopic demonstration of cells, stoma, air spaces, chlorophyll bodies.
Evaporation of water from green leaf, regulation of transpiration.
Eleventh week. _Midterm Examinations._ Sun a source of energy. Effect of
light on green plants. Experimental proof. Starch made in green leaf. Light
and air necessary for starch making. Proof. Protein making in leaf.
By-products in starch making. Proof. Respiration.
Twelfth week. THE CIRCULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD IN GREEN PLANTS.
Uses of bark, wood, what part of stem does food pass down. Willow twig
experiment. Summary of functions of living matter in plant. Forestry
lecture. Economic uses of green plants. Reports.
Thirteenth week. PLANTS WITHOUT CHLOROPHYLL IN THEIR RELATION TO MAN.
Saprophytic fungi. Molds. Growth on bread or other substances. Conditions
most favorable for growth. Favorite foods. Methods of prevention. Economic
importance.
Fourteenth week. YEASTS IN THEIR RELATION TO MAN. Experiments to show
fermentation is caused by yeasts. Experiments to show conditions necessary
for fermentation. The part played by yeasts in bread making, in wine
making, in other industries. Structure of yeast demonstrated. Summary.
Fifteenth week. EXPERIMENTS TO SHOW WHERE BACTERIA MAY BE FOUND AND
CONDITIONS NECESSARY TO GROWTH BEGUN. Have cultures collected and placed in
a warm room during the holidays. Suggested experiments are exposure to air
of quiet room and room with persons moving, dust of floor, knife blade,
etc.
Sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth weeks. THE MONTH OF JANUARY SHOULD
BE DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF BACTERIA IN THEIR GENERAL RELATIONS TO MAN.
Economically, both directly and indirectly. Especial emphasis placed on the
nature and necessity of decay. Bacteria in relation to disease should also
be emphasized. The experiments to be performed and the topics expected to
be covered follow.
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