A Civic Biology, Presented in ProblemsHunter, George W. (George William)
Science
A Civic Biology, Presented in Problems
Hunter, George W. (George William)
Biology; Sanitation
CONDITIONS FAVORABLE AND UNFAVORABLE FOR GROWTH OF BACTERIA. (Use bouillon
cultures.) Effect of intense heat, sterile bouillon exposed to air, effect
of boiling, effect of cold, effect of antiseptics (corrosive sublimate,
carbolic acid, boric acid, formalin, etc.), effect of large amounts of
sugar and salt and the relation of this to preserving, etc. Bring out
practical application of principles demonstrated. Discuss sterilization in
medicine and surgery, cold storage, canning, sterilization, _e.g._
laundries, etc., use of antiseptics, preserving by means of salt and sugar.
Microscopic demonstration of bacteria. Methods of reproduction. Importance
in causing organic decay, fixation of nitrogen, various useful forms in
cheese making, butter ripening, etc. Harmfulness of bacteria as disease
producers. Specific diseases discussed: tuberculosis, typhoid, infective
colds, blood poisoning, etc. Vaccination. Antitoxins begun--continued after
knowledge of human body is gained. Work of Lister and Pasteur.
Nineteenth and twentieth weeks. REVIEW AND EXAMINATIONS.
SECOND TERM
First week. THE BALANCED AQUARIUM. Carbon and nitrogen cycles. Balanced
aquarium and hay infusion compared.
Second week. ONE PROTOZOAN, DEMONSTRATION TO SHOW CHANGES IN SHAPE,
RESPONSE TO STIMULI, SUMMARY OF VITAL PROCESSES IN CELL. Food getting,
digestion, assimilation, oxidation, excretion, growth, reproduction.
Internal structure of protozoan. Protozoa as cause of disease.
Third week. GENERAL SURVEY OF ANIMAL KINGDOM. Survey introduced by museum
trip if possible. Protozoa, worm, insect, fish, mammal. Distinction between
vertebrate and invertebrate. Character of mammalia. Division of labor
emphasized. Man's place in nature.
Fourth week. STUDY OF THE FROG. Relation to habitat, adaptations for
locomotion, food getting, respiration, comparison of frog and fish on
latter point. Osmotic exchange of gases emphasized. Cell respiration.
Fifth week. METAMORPHOSIS OF FROG. Fertilization, cell division, and
differentiation emphasized. Touch on plant and animal breeding. Function of
chromosomes as bearers of heredity. Comparison of bird's egg and mammal
embryo.
Sixth week. FACTORS IN BREEDING. 1. Variation. 2. Selection. 3. Heredity
fixes variation. 4. Hybridizing. 5. Control of environment. Eugenics in
relation to (_a_) crime, (_b_) disease, (_c_) genius. Continuity of germ
plasm. Work of Darwin, Mendel, De Vries, Burbank.
Seventh week. A BRIEF STUDY OF THE GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BODY. Skin,
muscles, bones. Removal of lime from bone by HCl to show other substances
and need for lime. Effect of posture, spinal curvature, fractures, sprains.
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