Hunter, _Laboratory Problems in Civic Biology_. American Book Company. Andrews, _A Practical Course in Botany_, pages 214-249. American Book Company. Atkinson, _First Studies of Plant Life_, Chaps. XXV-XXVI. Ginn and Company. Coulter, _Plant Life and Plant Uses_, pages 301-322. American Book Company. Dana, _Plants and their Children_, pages 187-255. American Book Company. Lubbock, _Flowers, Fruits, and Leaves_, Part I. The Macmillan Company. Needham, _General Biology_, pages 1-50. The Comstalk Publishing Company. Newell, _A Reader in Botany_, Part II, pages 1-96. Ginn and Company. Sharpe, _A Laboratory Manual in Biology_, pages 43-48. American Book Company. ADVANCED Bailey, _Plant Breeding_. The Macmillan Company. Campbell, _Lectures on the Evolution of Plants_. The Macmillan Company. Coulter, Barnes, and Cowles, _A Textbook of Botany_, Part II. American Book Company. Darwin, _Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species_, D. Appleton and Company. Darwin, _Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom_, Chaps. I and II. D. Appleton and Company. Darwin, _Orchids Fertilized by Insects_, D. Appleton and Company. Lubbock, _British Wild Flowers_. The Macmillan Company. Mueller, _The Fertilization of Flowers_. The Macmillan Company. IV. THE FUNCTIONS AND COMPOSITION OF LIVING THINGS _Problems.--To discover the functions of living matter._ _(a) In a living plant._ _(b) In a living animal._ LABORATORY SUGGESTIONS _Laboratory study of a living plant._--Any whole plant may be used; a weed is preferable. _Laboratory demonstration or home study._--The functions of a living animal. _Demonstration._--The growth of pollen tubes. _Laboratory exercise._--The growth of the mature ovary into the fruit, _e.g._ bean or pea pod. A Living Plant and a Living Animal Compared.--A walk into the fields or any vacant lot on a day in the early fall will give us first-hand acquaintance with many common plants which, because of their ability to grow under somewhat unfavorable conditions, are called _weeds_. Such plants--the dandelion, butter and eggs, the shepherd's purse--are particularly well fitted by nature to produce many of their kind, and by this means drive out other plants which cannot do this so well. On these or other plants we find feeding several kinds of animals, usually insects.