=7. The land of Shinar= was the district corresponding with that now known as the land of _Chaldæa_. “Out of that land went forth Asshur and builded Nineveh” is the statement made, and the monuments recently discovered have remarkably corroborated this text, for the history shows the importance of Asshur, and that Nineveh, which was the capital of the Assyrian kingdom, was a more recent city than Babylon.[30] Its ruins are two hundred and seventy-five miles north by west from Babylon and upon the Tigris River. =8.= But it will be seen that Asshur was a son of Shem, while Nimrod was a son of Ham, and recent discovery has sustained the distinction, showing that another people preceded the Assyrians and Babylonians which were not descendants of Shem. In connection with Nineveh are mentioned “the city REHOBOTH”[31] and CALAH: the former is not known, and the latter is supposed to be at the ruins nearly twenty miles south of Nineveh, now called _Nimrud_, and a few miles north of the latter is supposed to be the site of _Resen_. Further excavations are needed to attest the accuracy of these identifications. =9.= (b) =Mizraim= is mentioned as the second son of Cush, and is supposed to have =colonized Egypt=. The word is in the dual form and indicates the double land of Egypt, which from the earliest times was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt. (1.) =Mizraim’s descendants= are LUDIM, probably simply a name for the Egyptians themselves; they held themselves “the best of all men,”[32] and they were the same as Libyans or Lubim, 2 Chron. 12:3; 16:8; Nah. 3:9. The Libyans of the most ancient era inhabited the west of the Nile and parts near the Mediterranean Sea. They appear of bright complexions as represented upon the Egyptian monuments. (2.) “ANAMIM and LEHABIM and NAPHTUHIM and PATHRUSIM” appear to be only names of the people of the different settlements along the Nile and not distinct races. (3.) The CASLUHIM have been identified with a people settling east of the Delta near the Mediterranean coast towards Palestine, and seemed to have been of Phœnician origin (Ebers). (4.) CAPHTORIM were the earliest settlers on the coast of the Delta or on its Mediterranean shore, even before the Egyptians occupied that part of Egypt (Ebers). The Philistines of Palestine (southwest coast) were descendants of both Casluhim and Caphtorim. “Kaft” was the Egyptian name of the latter people, who early settled in the island of Crete, but also, as we have stated, on the seacoast of the Nile, and gradually moved through the lands of the Casluhim to their final resting-place in Palestine.[33]