M G (1) A All dogs are quadrupeds, ―――― S M A All greyhounds are dogs, ―――――――――― S G A ∴ All greyhounds are quadrupeds. ―――――――――― { A This argument is in the first figure, the mood being { A. All { A the propositions are affirmative and universal, consequently the rules pertaining to negatives and particulars are inapplicable. “A” distributes the subject only, hence all the subjects are underscored. The middle term “_dog_” is distributed in the major premise, and the minor term “_greyhound_,” which is distributed in the conclusion, is likewise distributed in the minor premise. The argument is, therefore, valid in _form_. This may be verified by referring to a list of valid moods in the first figure. G M (2) E No prejudiced person is open to conviction, ――――――――――――――――― ―――――――――――――――――― S M A  All fair minded persons are open to conviction, ――――――――――――――――――― S G E ∴ No fair minded person is prejudiced. ―――――――――――――――――― { E The argument is in the second figure; mood { A. There is one { E negative premise and the conclusion is negative; no particulars. “E” distributes both terms, “A” the subject only. The middle term is distributed in the major premise. Both major and minor terms are distributed in the conclusion, but they are likewise distributed in the premises where they are used. The argument is, therefore, valid. Reference to the valid moods of the second figure confirms this conclusion. M G (3) A All good citizens vote, ――――――――――――― M S A All good citizens obey the law, ――――――――――――― S G A ∴ All who obey the law vote. ―――――――――――――――― { A The mood is { A used in the third figure. All the propositions are { A A’s, hence the negative and particular rules are inapplicable. “A” distributes its subject. The middle term is distributed in both premises. “All who obey the law” is distributed in the conclusion but not in the premise where it is used. Therefore the argument is invalid. { A The fallacy being _illicit minor_. { A is not found in the third { A figure’s list of valid moods. M G (4) A All good citizens vote, ―――――――――――――