A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of TeachingMcNair, George Hastings
Philosophy
A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of Teaching
McNair, George Hastings
Logic
I am best fitted for either the pulpit or the schoolroom;
If the schoolroom furnishes the richest field for helping my fellows,
I will choose that work;
The schoolroom _does_ appear to furnish such a field,
Hence I will choose the work of the teacher.
It would appear from these ordinary experiences that frequently we
are brought face to face with a choice of alternatives which are not
unattractive, as in the case of the dilemma. Moreover, some condition
suggests itself which, if proved or disproved, will lead to a choice
of _one_ of these alternatives. Such circumstances when thrown into
the form of an argument present a _disjunctive proposition_ followed
by a _hypothetical argument_. To put it differently: Often in our daily
affairs a most prominent limiting condition induces us to select one
out of several alternatives. These alternatives are _not_ dilemmatic
in nature.
=18. OUTLINE.=
HYPOTHETICAL ARGUMENTS, AND DISJUNCTIVE ARGUMENTS INCLUDING THE
DILEMMA.
(1) Three kinds of arguments
Categorical, hypothetical, disjunctive.
(2) Hypothetical arguments
Defined, illustrated.
(3) Antecedent and consequent.
How determined, illustrations.
(4) Two kinds of hypothetical arguments
Constructive, destructive, illustrations.
(5) Rule and two fallacies of the hypothetical argument.
Illustrations and application of rules.
Fallacy of denying antecedent.
Fallacy of affirming consequent.
Co-extensive hypotheticals.
(6) Hypothetical arguments reduced to the categorical form.
Rule, illustrations.
Hypothetical and categorical arguments compared.
(7) Illustrative exercises testing hypothetical arguments of all
kinds.
(8) Disjunctive arguments.
Defined, illustrated.
(9) Two kinds of disjunctive arguments.
By “affirming denies,” by “denying affirms.” Illustration.
(10) First rule.
Stated, illustrated.
(11) Second rule
Stated, illustrated.
(12) Reduction of disjunctive argument
Two steps.
(13) The dilemma
Definition.
(14) Four forms of dilemmatic arguments
Simple constructive, simple destructive,
Complex constructive, complex destructive.
Illustrations.
(15) The rule.
(16) Illustrative exercises testing disjunctive and dilemmatic
arguments.
(17) Ordinary experiences related to the disjunctive proposition and
hypothetical argument.
=19. SUMMARY.=
(1) Just as there are three kinds of propositions so there are three
kinds of arguments; namely, categorical, hypothetical, disjunctive.
(2) Categorical syllogistic arguments are those in which all of the
propositions are categorical.
Hypothetical syllogistic arguments are those in which the major premise
is hypothetical.
In contradistinction to disjunctives, hypothetical arguments may be
referred to as “_conjunctive_”.
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