Boston, New York, Chicago, All large cities have fine etc. have fine harbors, harbors. Boston, New York, Chicago, Boston, New York, Chicago, etc. etc. are large cities, are large cities, ∴ All large cities have fine ∴ Boston, New York, Chicago, etc. harbors, have fine harbors. The student who is sufficiently familiar with the canons of the deductive syllogism will at once detect the fallacy of _illicit minor_ in the foregoing inductive syllogisms; i. e., “_birds_” when used as the predicate of the minor premise of the first syllogism is undistributed, but as the subject of the conclusion “_birds_” is distributed. The same might be said concerning the terms “_metals_” and “_large cities_.” A portion of this chapter will be devoted to answering this criticism. At this point it may be stated that _the inductive syllogism is not supposed to conform perfectly to the canons of the deductive syllogism_. =2. THE INDUCTIVE HAZARD.= Referring to the first inductive syllogism of section _one_, it is assumed that the robin, crow and sparrow are representative birds, and that we are thus justified in concluding that if these _type_ birds have wings, then _all_ birds must have wings. Of course this is more or less of a conjecture or “a hazard”; since birds without wings may exist in some undiscovered corner of the globe. However, inasmuch as the generalization concerns a representative quality, we deem the assumption fairly well founded. The logical right to take this “leap into the unknown” will be discussed later. It will profit us at this time to realize more fully how essential the “inductive hazard” is to the progress of the world. When the Schoolmen of mediæval time refused to venture, they failed to progress, and thus came the dark days. Whenever man has ignored this God given instinct which leads to discovery, the world has stood still. _This willingness to “take a leap into the dark” with the hope of finding, in the shadow, truth which would enhance man’s power and increase his serviceableness, has given to the world about all that is worth while._ It was the spirit of the _hazard_ which pushed Columbus to the discovery of a new world; which gave Newton the secrets of the motions of the universe; which enabled Edison to harness a multitude of lurking forces; and Morse and Bell to reduce distance to its lowest terms. In ordinary affairs with ordinary men those succeed _best_ who manifest _most_ a safe, steady, persistent spirit of discovery. _Here, then, in the “inductive hazard” have we a most important phase of school life which, in this day of making the work easy, is being sadly neglected._ On the other hand, an unregulated and insane spirit of venture may result in a great waste of energy, and in the development of low ideals of recklessness and inaccuracy. The “inductive hazard” must be cultivated; yet it must be regulated as well,