(4) State, symbolize, and illustrate the method of agreement. (5) Give examples of antecedents which do not function as causes. (6) Show that the “special methods” are a matter of both observation and experiment. (7) Give the distinguishing features of the method of agreement; illustrate by reference to the symbols. (8) Exemplify the plurality of causes; immaterial antecedents; complexity of phenomenon. (9) Show that the conclusions of agreement are largely hypothetical. (10) State, symbolize, and illustrate the method of difference. (11) Show by illustration that, in the method of difference, only one antecedent should be varied at a time. (12) Show that difference is naturally a method of experiment. (13) Explain Bacon’s use of the term “crucial instances.” (14) Name and explain the characteristic features of the method of difference. (15) Show that agreement and difference are complementary. (16) Explain and illustrate the joint method. (17) What inference may be drawn from the following instances: _Antecedents_ _Consequents_ A L M T p q r g B L M E z q r x B C M E r z x y A M T H p q g o (18) “Mr. Darwin, in his experiment on cross and self fertilization in the vegetable kingdom, placed a net about one hundred flower heads, thus protecting them from the bees. He at the same time placed one hundred other flower heads of the same variety of plant where they would be exposed to the bees. He obtained the following result: The protected flowers failed to yield a single seed. The others yielded about 2,720 seeds. Thus cross-fertilization was proved.” (Hibben). What method did Darwin employ? Symbolize the experiment. (19) Summarize the distinguishing marks of the joint method. (20) Show that the joint method is more ideal than either agreement or difference. (21) State and give concrete illustrations of the law of concomitant variations. (22) What is the chief function of concomitant variations? Illustrate. (23) Give instances where it would be impossible to use difference, but easy to use concomitant variations. (24) Explain this: “The quantitative variation between antecedent and consequent may be either direct or inverse.” (25) State and explain by illustration the method of residues. (26) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the principle of residues? (27) State the principle which virtually sums up the five methods. (28) Write briefly on the practical applications of the five methods to the ordinary walks of life. =11. QUESTIONS FOR ORIGINAL THOUGHT AND INVESTIGATION.= (1) Trace the connection between the method of agreement and induction by simple enumeration.