(7) State and exemplify the rules for logical observation and experiment. (8) Illustrate the method of averaging observations. (9) Explain “preadjustment of attention.” (10) What is the most common error with the untrained observer? Explain and illustrate. (11) Explain the expression “all-angled observer.” (12) State and exemplify the errors of observation and experiment. (13) To what error in observation are superstitions generally due? (14) Define and illustrate hypothesis. (15) Indicate the difference between an hypothesis and an ordinary induction. (16) When may theory and hypothesis be used interchangeably? Illustrate. (17) Show by illustration that the term theory is ambiguous. (18) Summarize the requirements of a permissible hypothesis. Illustrate. (19) Select some school room experience with a view of making it conform to the requirements of a permissible hypothesis. (20) Explain and illustrate the uses of hypothesis. (21) “The scientific discoverer climbs up to the light on the stairway of discarded hypotheses.” Explain. (22) Write a short theme on “Characteristics Required by Scientific Investigators.” =15. QUESTIONS FOR ORIGINAL THOUGHT AND INVESTIGATION.= (1) “Land and sea breezes are due to a difference in temperature.” Is this a fact or a law? Explain your position. (2) Give three different definitions of induction. Which one have you adopted? Defend your position. (3) Define and illustrate observation. (4) Distinguish between observation and attention. (5) “In observation we _find_, in experiment we _make_.” What is meant by this? (6) Give illustrations of falsehood due to careless observation. (7) Argue for and against the use of “expectant attention” in observation. (8) “Nine-tenths of what we see comes from within.” Do you believe this? Labor the question. (9) Offer suggestions which, if followed, should lead to scientific observation. (10) “One must be just before he is sympathetic.” Relate this to the fine art of accurate observation. (11) Is an hypothesis a generalization? Explain. (12) Give school room examples of hypotheses which lead to injustice. (13) “An hypothesis is merely a tentative induction.” Make clear this assertion. (14) Illustrate inconceivable hypotheses by drawing on your knowledge of ancient history. (15) “Prejudice and willful blindness to truth have ever been imminent stumbling blocks in the path of progress.” Expatiate upon this. (16) Are the hypotheses advanced concerning communications from the spiritual world capable of proof or disproof? Give reasons. (17) Show by historical examples the use of discarded hypotheses. (18) “Genius is another name for hard work.” Do you agree? Defend your position.