A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of TeachingMcNair, George Hastings
Philosophy
A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of Teaching
McNair, George Hastings
Logic
_In the average class room of the day the inductive FORM prevails
but the SPIRIT is not in evidence._ Like a wolf in sheep’s clothing
induction has entered the class room to devour that primal force in the
child’s make-up, which has raised his race above his simian ancestors.
Our class room methods, being inductive in form but deductive in spirit,
may train the youngster to be a _camp follower_ but never a _leader_
in thought and action. The call of the day is for more initiative; for
more originality; for more individuality; for more enthusiasm. There
is too much form without the spirit; so much that bespeaks system and
refinement without those native impulses and native abilities which
mark one child from another. Like the books of a library our children
are classified and labeled, and when more come in the others are dusted
and placed on the next higher shelf. How many more centuries must we
wait before the schools will adopt, in spirit as well as in form, the
pedagogical principles of life? Will the time ever come when it may be
said _that all our leaders in thought and action are college graduates_?
=7. AS A METHOD OF INSTRUCTION DEDUCTION IS SUPERIOR TO INDUCTION.=
The inductive method is pre-eminently the method of the discoverer only
when it involves both the _form_, which he follows, and the _spirit_,
which he evinces. The so-called method of the school room is _inductive
in form_, as the procedure is from particular facts to general truths;
but _deductive in spirit_, as it is used to _impart_ knowledge. If
it were inductive in spirit, the child would be allowed to _acquire
knowledge entirely through his own initiative_. Deduction is the method
of _instruction_, whereas induction is the method of _discovery_. That
the child of the school is _instructed_ or better “deducted” and _not
generally allowed to discover_, is a situation so apparent that we need
not labor the point further.
Because the inductive process has been made a method of instruction,
it has been robbed of its chief advantage over deduction. Indeed, as
a method of instruction, deduction is really the superior method. It
requires less time, demands greater concentration, often arouses more
interest, and creates situations which are less involved.
=8. CONQUEST NOT KNOWLEDGE THE DESIDERATUM.=
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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