A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of TeachingMcNair, George Hastings
Philosophy
A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of Teaching
McNair, George Hastings
Logic
The child thinks in vague, indefinite wholes, while the adult thinks in
clear, definite parts. The child discriminates very imperfectly while
the adult discriminates accurately.
The sensation seems to be the connecting link between the feeling mind
and the knowing mind, while the percept links together the knowing mind
and the thinking mind.
(9) Conception is the process of thinking many notions into one class.
The product of such a process is a concept. The concept stands for
groups of all kinds of objects.
Conception has the two aspects of _affirming connections_ and of
_building many into one_. The first is the thinking side of the process
and the second is the mark which distinguishes conception from the
other thought processes.
(10) Judging is the process of conjoining or disjoining notions.
Judgment is the product of judging.
Judgments conjoin and disjoin all kinds of notions.
Judging and thinking, though they closely resemble each other, are not
synonomous terms. Thinking is a broader term in that connections may be
established between a notion and a name for that notion.
Judging is the most fundamental of all thinking, as the concept is
built from a series of judgments and an inference is simply a made-over
judgment.
(11) Inference.
Reasoning is the process of deriving a new judgment from a
consideration of antecedent judgments. This derived judgment may be
called an inference. Sometimes the term inference denotes the process
of reasoning as well as the product.
Reasoning often takes the form of a syllogism.
The concept, the judgment and the inference are _products_ arising from
conjoining and disjoining notions.
(12) Some give to the thinking mind the three aspects, apprehension,
judging and reasoning. Apprehension is another word for the two
processes, perception and conception.
(13) The three important stages in thinking are discrimination,
comparison, integration; or analysis, comparison and synthesis.
=16. REVIEW QUESTIONS.=
(1) Show the difference between the knowing mind and the thinking
mind.
(2) Describe the process known as intuition.
(3) What is intuitive knowledge?
(4) Is the assumption that _think_ comes from the same root as
_thick_ a feasible one? Explain.
(5) Define thinking in at least two ways.
(6) “Inability to think is due to inability to note connections.”
Show this by making use of some problem in arithmetic.
(7) Distinguish between individual and general notions.
(8) Which is the broader term, object or thing? Explain.
(9) What kind of notions only admit of subdivisions? Illustrate.
(10) What is the difference between knowledge and notions? Explain.
(11) Explain and illustrate the meaning of idea.
(12) Classify the various activities of the knowing mind and define
each.
(13) Explain by definition and illustration the products of the
knowing mind.
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