A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of TeachingMcNair, George Hastings
Philosophy
A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of Teaching
McNair, George Hastings
Logic
The teacher now says pleasantly, “The use I am thinking of you
have all observed, I have no doubt; it is a very important use,
indeed; but as it is a little out of the common course (crucial
facts) I shall not be surprised if you cannot give it. However,
you may try.”
“It is good to boil,” says little Susan, almost springing from
the floor as she speaks. “And it is for squirrels to eat,” says
little Samuel. “I saw one carry away a whole mouthful yesterday
from the cornfield.”
Others still mention other uses. Perhaps, however, none
will name the one the teacher has in his own mind; he should
cordially welcome the answer if perchance it is given.
(Supposing that it has not been given.) “I have told you
that the answer I was thinking of was a very simple one; it
is something you have all observed and you may be a little
disappointed when I tell you. The use I have been thinking of
for the ear of corn is this: _It is to plant._ _It is for seed_,
to propagate that species of plant called corn.” (Verification.)
Here the children may look disappointed as much as to say, We
knew that before. The teacher continues: “And this is a very
important use for the corn; for if for one year none should be
planted, and all the ears that grew the year before should be
consumed, we should have no more corn. The other uses you have
named were merely secondary. But I mean to make something more
of my ear of corn. My next question is: _Do other plants have
seed?_” Here is a new field of inquiry, etc., etc.
From the standpoint of “the greatest amount of knowledge in the
shortest possible time,” this mode of presentation consumes an
inexcusable amount of time and is, therefore, “impracticable.” But
when viewed from the ground of interest, originality, initiative, and
conquest――the watchwords of the “new thought in education”; there is
no real waste in either time or energy. _The spirit and method of the
discoverer will no doubt be the educational slogan of the future age._
Epitome of Discoverer’s Method, adapted to the class room:
(1) Motivate the topic to be presented.
(2) Bring to mind, if necessary, the “foundational facts.”
(3) Make evident the “crucial fact.”
(4) Furnish every opportunity for a first-hand discovery of the
“lesson-point” (establishing hypothesis through analogy).
(5) Let the hypothesis be verified.
_The entire situation must be one of freedom, zeal, originality, and
initiative._
=11. THE QUESTION AND ANSWER METHOD NOT NECESSARILY ONE OF DISCOVERY.=
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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