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A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of TeachingMcNair, George Hastings

Philosophy

A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of Teaching

Name: A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of Teaching
Author: McNair, George Hastings

McNair, George Hastings

Logic

(21) Since man is the only animal given to laughter, why is not the
      following a logical definition: “Man is a laughing animal.”

 (22) “A logical definition should contain the species, the genus and
      the appropriate differentia.” Is there any reason for using the
      term appropriate?

 (23) In connection with genus and species explain subaltern.

 (24) Is laughter a property of human being or an accident?

 (25) Show how a pedagogue may be an instructor but not a teacher.

 (26) Illustrate the complete method.

 (27) Show that induction may consist of a series of analyses; also a
      series of syntheses.




                              CHAPTER 7.

                 LOGICAL DIVISION AND CLASSIFICATION.


=1. NATURE OF LOGICAL DIVISION.=

The term _genus_ is used for any class name which stands for two or
more subordinate classes while the term _species_ is made to stand for
any one of the subordinate classes.

The proximate genus of any species is the _next_ class above. For
example the proximate genus of man is biped, not animal.

_Logical division is the process of separating a proximate genus into
its co-ordinate species._


  ILLUSTRATIONS:

          _Genus_           _Species_

                        { Fixed stars
                        { Planets
  (1) Heavenly bodies   { Satellites
                        { Comets
                        { Meteors
                        { Nebulae

                        { Leptocardians
                        { Fishes
  (2) Vertebrates       { Amphibians
                        { Reptiles
                        { Birds
                        { Mammals


                        { Caucasian
                        { Mongolian
  (3) Man               { Malay
                        { Ethiopian
                        { American Indian

                        { Monarchy
  (4) Government        { Aristocracy
                        { Democracy


=2. LOGICAL DIVISION DISTINGUISHED FROM ENUMERATION.=

When the genus is separated at once into _individual objects_ the
process is not logical division, but simple enumeration. Logical
division implies a separating into smaller class terms, each term being
a genus of still smaller subdivisions. This process may be continued
till the last division gives individuals as species. Enumeration takes
place when the first subdivision results in a list of individuals. To
illustrate:

                          _Logical Division._

                              { Science teacher
                    Teacher   { Mathematics teacher
                              { English teacher
                              { Modern language teacher

                            _Enumeration._

                              { John J. Brown
                    Teacher   { H. G. White
                              { Mary Jones
                              { Alice Smith


=3. LOGICAL DIVISION AS PARTITION.=

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A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of Teaching

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