Catiline’s conspiracy detected by Cicero. Mithridates kills himself 63 The first triumvirate in the person of Julius Cæsar, Pompey, and Crassus. About this time flourished Apollonius of Rhodes, Terentius Varro, Tyrannion, Aristodemus of Nysa, Lucretius, Dionysius the grammarian, Cicero, Antiochus, Spurinus, Andronicus, Catullus, Sallust, Timagenes, Cratippus, &c. 60 Cicero banished from Rome, and recalled the next year 58 Cæsar passes the Rhine, defeats the Germans, and invades Britain 55 Crassus is killed by Surena, in June 53 Civil war between Cæsar and Pompey 50 The battle of Pharsalia about May 12th 48 Alexander taken by Cæsar 47 The war of Africa. Cato kills himself. This year is called the year of confusion, because the calendar was corrected by Sosigenes, and the year made to consist of 15 months, or 445 days 46 The battle of Munda 45 Cæsar murdered 44 The battle of Mutina. The second triumvirate in Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus. Cicero put to death. The age of Sosigenes, Cornelius Nepos, Diodorus Siculus, Trogus Pompey, Didymus the scholiast, Varro the poet, &c. 43 The battle of Philippi 42 Pacorus general of Parthia defeated by Ventidius, 14 years after the disgrace of Crassus, and on the same day 39 Pompey the younger defeated in Sicily by Octavius 36 Octavius and Antony prepare for war 32 The battle of Actium, 2nd September. The era of the Roman emperors properly begins here 31 Alexander taken, and Egypt reduced into a Roman province 30 The title of Augustus given to Octavius 27 The Egyptians adopt the Julian year. About this time flourished Virgil, Manilius, Dioscorides, Asinius Pollio, Mæcenas, Agrippa, Strabo, Horace, Macer, Propertius, Livy, Musa, Tibullus, Ovid, Pylades, Bathyllus, Varius, Tucca, Vitruvius, &c. 25 The conspiracy of Muræna against Augustus 22 Augustus visits Greece and Asia 21 The Roman ensigns recovered from the Parthians by Tiberius 20 The secular games celebrated at Rome 17 Lollius defeated by the Germans 16 The Rhæti and Vindelici defeated by Drusus 15