=Apelles=, a celebrated painter of Cos, or, as others say, of Ephesus or Colophon, son of Pithius. He lived in the age of Alexander the Great, who honoured him so much that he forbade any man but Apelles to draw his picture. He was so attentive to his profession that he never spent a day without employing his pencil, whence the proverb of _Nulla dies sine lineâ_. His most perfect picture was Venus Anadyomene, which was not totally finished when the painter died. He made a painting of Alexander holding thunder in his hand, so much like life that Pliny, who saw it, says that the hand of the king with the thunder seemed to come out of the picture. This picture was placed in Diana’s temple at Ephesus. He made another of Alexander, but the king expressed not much satisfaction at the sight of it: and at that moment a horse, passing by, neighed at the horse which was represented in the piece, supposing it to be alive; upon which the painter said, “One would imagine that the horse is a better judge of painting than your Majesty.” When Alexander ordered him to draw the picture of Campaspe, one of his mistresses, Apelles became enamoured of her, and the king permitted him to marry her. He wrote three volumes upon painting, which were still extant in the age of Pliny. It is said that he was accused in Egypt of conspiring against the life of Ptolemy, and that he would have been put to death had not the real conspirator discovered himself, and saved the painter. Apelles never put his name to any pictures but three; a sleeping Venus, Venus Anadyomene, and an Alexander. The proverb of _Ne sutor ultra crepidam_ is applied to him by some. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 10. ――_Horace_, bk. 2, ltr. 1, li. 238.――_Cicero_, _Letters to his Friends_, bk. 1, ltr. 9.――_Ovid_, _Ars Amatoria_, bk. 3, li. 401. ――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 11.――――A tragic writer. _Suetonius_, _Caligula_, ch. 33.――――A Macedonian general, &c. =Apellĭcon=, a Teian peripatetic philosopher, whose fondness for books was so great that he is accused of stealing them, when he could not obtain them with money. He bought the works of Aristotle and Theophrastus, but greatly disfigured them by his frequent interpolations. The extensive library, which he had collected at Athens, was carried to Rome when Sylla had conquered the capital of Attica, and among the valuable books was found an original manuscript of Aristotle. He died about 86 B.C. _Strabo_, bk. 13. =Apennīnus=, a ridge of high mountains which run through the middle of Italy, from Liguria to Ariminum and Ancona. They are joined to the Alps. Some have supposed that they ran across Sicily by Rhegium before Italy was separated from Sicily. _Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 306. ――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 226.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 4, li. 743.――_Strabo_, bk. 2.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.