=Arcesilāus=, son of Battus king of Cyrene, was driven from his kingdom in a sedition, and died B.C. 575. The second of that name died B.C. 550. _Polyænus_, bk. 8, ch. 41.――_Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 159.――――One of Alexander’s generals, who obtained Mesopotamia at the general division of the provinces after the king’s death.――――A chief of Catana, which he betrayed to Dionysius the elder. _Diodorus_, bk. 14.――――A philosopher of Pitane in Æolia, disciple of Polemon. He visited Sardis and Athens, and was the founder of the middle academy, as Socrates founded the ancient, and Carneades the new one. He pretended to know nothing, and accused others of the same ignorance. He acquired many pupils in the character of teacher; but some of them left him for Epicurus, though no Epicurean came to him; which gave him occasion to say that it is easy to make a eunuch of a man, but impossible to make a man of a eunuch. He was very fond of Homer, and generally divided his time among the pleasures of philosophy, love, reading, and the table. He died in his 75th year, B.C. 241, or 300 according to some. _Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers_.――_Persius_, bk. 3, li. 78.――_Cicero_, _de Finibus_.――――The name of two painters,――――a statuary,――――a leader of the Bœotians during the Trojan war.――――A comic and elegiac poet. =Arcēsius=, son of Jupiter, was grandfather to Ulysses. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 144. =Archæa=, a city of Æolia. =Archæănax= of Mitylene, was intimate with Pisistratus tyrant of Athens. He fortified Sigæum with a wall from the ruins of ancient Troy. _Strabo_, bk. 13. =Archæatĭdas=, a country of Peloponnesus. _Polybius._ =Archăgăthus=, son of Archagathus, was slain in Africa by his soldiers, B.C. 285. He killed his grandfather, Agathocles tyrant of Syracuse. _Diodorus_, bk. 20.――_Justin_, bk. 22, ch. 5, &c., says that he was put to death by Archesilaus.――――A physician at Rome, B.C. 219. =Archander=, father-in-law to Danaus. _Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 98. =Archandros=, a town of Egypt. =Arche=, one of the Muses, according to Cicero. =Archegētes=, a surname of Hercules.