=Archelāus=, a name common to some kings of Cappadocia. One of them was conquered by Sylla, for assisting Mithridates.――――A person of that name married Berenice, and made himself king of Egypt; a dignity he enjoyed only six months, as he was killed by the soldiers of Gabinius, B.C. 56. He had been made priest of Comana by Pompey. His grandson was made king of Cappadocia by Antony, whom he assisted at Actium, and he maintained his independence under Augustus, till Tiberius perfidiously destroyed him.――――A king of Macedonia, who succeeded his father Perdiccas II. As he was but a natural child, he killed the legitimate heirs to gain the kingdom. He proved himself to be a great monarch; but he was at last killed by one of his favourites, because he had promised him his daughter in marriage, and given her to another, after a reign of 23 years. He patronized the poet Euripides. _Diodorus_, bk. 14.――_Justin_, bk. 7, ch. 4. ――_Ælian_. _Varia Historia_, bks. 2, 8, 12, 14.――――A king of the Jews, surnamed Herod. He married Glaphyre, daughter of Archelaus king of Macedonia, and widow of his brother Alexander. Cæsar banished him, for his cruelties, to Vienna, where he died. _Dio Cassius._――――A king of Lacedæmon, son of Agesilaus. He reigned 42 years with Charilaus, of the other branch of the family. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 204.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 2.――――A general of Antigonus the younger appointed governor of the Acrocorinth, with the philosopher Persæus. _Polyænus_, bk. 6, ch. 5.――――A celebrated general of Mithridates against Sylla. _Polyænus_, bk. 8, ch. 8.――――A philosopher of Athens or Messenia, son of Apollodorus and successor to Anaxagoras. He was preceptor to Socrates, and was called _Physicus_. He supposed that heat and cold were the principles of all things. He first discovered the voice to be propagated by the vibration of the air. _Cicero_, _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 5. ――_Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers_. ――_Augustine_, _City of God_, bk. 8.――――A man set over Susa by Alexander, with a garrison of 3000 men. _Curtius_, bk. 5, ch. 2. ――――A Greek philosopher, who wrote a history of animals, and maintained that goats breathed not through the nostrils, but through the ears. _Pliny_, bk. 8, ch. 50.――――A son of Electryon and Anaxo. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2.――――A Greek poet who wrote epigrams. _Varro_, _de Re Rustica_, bk. 3, ch. 16.――――A sculptor of Priene, in the age of Claudius. He made an apotheosis of Homer, a piece of sculpture highly admired, and said to have been discovered under ground, A.D. 1658.――――A writer of Thrace. =Archemăchus=, a Greek writer, who published a history of Eubœa. _Athenæus_, bk. 6.――――A son of Hercules,――――of Priam. _Apollodorus_, bks. 2 & 3.