=Achæium=, a place of Troas, opposite Tenedos. _Strabo_, bk. 8. =Achæmĕnes=, a king of Persia, among the progenitors of Cyrus the Great; whose descendants were called Achæmenides, and formed a separate tribe in Persia, of which the kings were members. Cambyses, son of Cyrus, on his death-bed, charged his nobles, and particularly the Achæmenides, not to suffer the Medes to recover their former power, and abolish the empire of Persia. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 125; bk. 3, ch. 65; bk. 7, ch. 1.――_Horace_, bk. 2, ode 12, li. 21.――――A Persian, made governor of Egypt by Xerxes, B.C. 484. =Achæmenia=, part of Persia, called after Achæmenes. Hence Achæmenius. _Horace_, _Epodes_, poem 13, li. 12. =Achæmenĭdes=, a native of Ithaca, son of Adramastus, and one of the companions of Ulysses, abandoned on the coast of Sicily, where Æneas, on his voyage to Italy, found him. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 624.――_Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 417. =Achæorum littus=, a harbour in Cyprus. _Strabo._――――In Troas,――――in Æolia,――――in Peloponnesus,――――on the Euxine. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 34. =Achæorum statio=, a place on the coast of the Thracian Chersonesus, where Polyxena was sacrificed to the shades of Achilles, and where Hecuba killed Polymnestor, who had murdered her son Polydorus. =Achæus=, a king of Lydia, hung by his subjects for his extortion. _Ovid_, _Ibis_.――――A son of Xuthus of Thessaly. He fled, after the accidental murder of a man, to Peloponnesus; where the inhabitants were called from him, Achæi. He afterwards returned to Thessaly. _Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 1.――――A tragic poet of Eretria, who wrote 43 tragedies, of which some of the titles are preserved, such as Adrastus, Linus, Cycnus, Eumenides, Philoctetes, Pirithous, Theseus, Œdipus, &c.; of these only one obtained the prize. He lived some time after Sophocles.――――Another of Syracuse, author of 10 tragedies.――――A river which falls into the Euxine. _Arrian_, _Periplus of the Euxine Sea_.――――A relation of Antiochus the Great, appointed governor of all the king’s provinces beyond Taurus. He aspired to sovereign power, which he disputed for eight years with Antiochus, and was at last betrayed by a Cretan. His limbs were cut off, and his body, sewed in the skin of an ass, was exposed on a gibbet. _Polybius_, bk. 8. =Achaia=, called also _Hellas_, a country of Peloponnesus at the north of Elis on the bay of Corinth, which is now part of Livadia. It was originally called Ægialus (_shore_) from its situation. The Ionians called it Ionia, when they settled there; and it received the name of Achaia, from the Achæi, who dispossessed the Ionians. _See:_ Achæi.――――A small part of Phthiotis was also called Achaia, of which Alos was the capital. =Achaicum bellum.= _See:_ Achæi. =Achăra=, a town near Sardis. _Strabo_, bk. 14. =Acharenses=, a people of Sicily near Syracuse. _Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 3.