2. One who wears a gown. And here, I think, I may properly introduce a very singular gallant, a sort of mongrel between town and _gown_,--I mean a bibliopola, or (as the vulgar have it) a bookseller.--_The Student_, Oxf. and Cam., Vol. II. p. 226. GOWNMAN, GOWNSMAN. One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an English university.--_Webster_. The _gownman_ learned.--_Pope_. Oft has some fair inquirer bid me say, What tasks, what sports beguile the _gownsman's_ day. _The College_, in _Blackwood's Mag._, May, 1849. For if townsmen by our influence are so enlightened, what must we _gownsmen_ be ourselves?--_The Student_, Oxf. and Cam., Vol. I. p. 56. Nor must it be supposed that the _gownsmen_ are thin, study-worn, consumptive-looking individuals.--_Bristed's Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 5. See CAP. GRACE. In English universities, an act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution.--_Webster_. "All _Graces_ (as the legislative measures proposed by the Senate are termed) have to be submitted first to the Caput, each member of which has an absolute veto on the grace. If it passes the Caput, it is then publicly recited in both houses, [the regent and non-regent,] and at a subsequent meeting voted on, first in the Non-Regent House, and then in the other. If it passes both, it becomes valid."--_Literary World_, Vol. XII. p. 283. See CAPUT SENATUS. GRADUATE. To honor with a degree or diploma, in a college or university; to confer a degree on; as, to _graduate_ a master of arts.--_Wotton_. _Graduated_ a doctor, and dubb'd a knight.--_Carew_. Pickering, in his Vocabulary, says of the word _graduate_: "Johnson has it as a verb active only. But an English friend observes, that 'the active sense of this word is rare in England.' I have met with one instance in an English publication where it is used in a dialogue, in the following manner: 'You, methinks, _are graduated_.' See a review in the British Critic, Vol. XXXIV. p. 538." In Mr. Todd's edition of Johnson's Dictionary, this word is given as a verb intransitive also: "To take an academical degree; to become a graduate; as he _graduated_ at Oxford." In America, the use of the phrase _he was graduated_, instead of _he graduated_, which has been of late so common, "is merely," says Mr. Bartlett in his Dictionary of Americanisms, "a return to former practice, the verb being originally active transitive." He _was graduated_ with the esteem of the government, and the regard of his contemporaries--_Works of R.T. Paine_, p. xxix. The latter, who _was graduated_ thirteen years after.--_Peirce's Hist. Harv. Univ._, p. 219. In this perplexity the President had resolved "to yield to the torrent, and _graduate_ Hartshorn."--_Quincy's Hist. Harv. Univ._, Vol. I. p. 398. (The quotation was written in 1737.) In May, 1749, three gentlemen who had sons about _to be graduated_.--_Ibid._, Vol. II. p. 92.