HONORARIUM, HONORARY. A term applied, in Europe, to the recompense offered to professors in universities, and to medical or other professional gentlemen for their services. It is nearly equivalent to _fee_, with the additional idea of being given _honoris causa_, as a token of respect.--_Brande. Webster_. There are regular receivers, quæstors, appointed for the reception of the _honorarium_, or charge for the attendance of lectures.--_Howitt's Student Life of Germany_, Am. ed., p. 30. HONORIS CAUSA. Latin; _as an honor_. Any honorary degree given by a college. Degrees in the faculties of Divinity and Law are conferred, at present, either in course, _honoris causa_, or on admission _ad eundem_.--_Calendar Trin. Coll._, 1850, p. 10. HONORS. In American colleges, the principal honors are appointments as speakers at Exhibitions and Commencements. These are given for excellence in scholarship. The appointments for Exhibitions are different in different colleges. Those of Commencement do not vary so much. The following is a list of the appointments at Harvard College, in the order in which they are usually assigned: Valedictory Oration, called also _the_ English Oration, Salutatory in Latin, English Orations, Dissertations, Disquisitions, and Essays. The salutatorian is not always the second scholar in the class, but must be the best, or, in case this distinction is enjoyed by the valedictorian, the second-best Latin scholar. Latin or Greek poems or orations or English poems sometimes form a part of the exercises, and may be assigned, as are the other appointments, to persons in the first part of the class. At Yale College the order is as follows: Valedictory Oration, Salutatory in Latin, Philosophical Orations, Orations, Dissertations, Disputations, and Colloquies. A person who receives the appointment of a Colloquy can either write or speak in a colloquy, or write a poem. Any other appointee can also write a poem. Other colleges usually adopt one or the other of these arrangements, or combine the two. At the University of Cambridge, Eng., those who at the final examination in the Senate-House are classed as Wranglers, Senior Optimes, or Junior Optimes, are said to go out in _honors_. I very early in the Sophomore year gave up all thoughts of obtaining high _honors_.--_Bristed's Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 6. HOOD. An ornamented fold that hangs down the back of a graduate, to mark his degree.--_Johnson_. My head with ample square-cap crown, And deck with _hood_ my shoulders. _The Student_, Oxf. and Cam., Vol. I. p. 349. HORN-BLOWING. At Princeton College, the students often provide themselves at night with horns, bugles, &c., climb the trees in the Campus, and set up a blowing which is continued as long as prudence and safety allow. HORSE-SHEDDING. At the University of Vermont, among secret and literary societies, this term is used to express the idea conveyed by the word _electioneering_.