As for Touch: it will only arise upon the organ’s (instrument’s) receiving the quality of that which is touched, and upon the touching power’s perceiving what has been thus presented (offered) within the organ. Furthermore, simple sensibles, that are at once primary and as such the bases of all others, are in pairs, of which there are eight; and if we make each into singles, they become sixteen, to wit:-- (a) Touch, four pairs:--1. heat and cold; 2. moisture and dryness; 3. roughness and smoothness; 4. hardness and softness. The four remaining senses, each having a pair, viz., (b) Smelling, one pair, which is fragrant odour, and fetid stinking odour, (c) Tasting, one pair, viz., sweet and bitter, (d) Hearing, one pair, namely, heavy sound and sharp sound (or dull and shrill), (e) Sight, one pair, to wit, white and black. All other sensibles are made up from these simples, and are intermediates between some two of them, as for example grey (dusty color) from white and black, lukewarm from hot and cold. Moreover all sensibles are felt wholly and solely through a sort of gathering and sundering, shrinking and spreading; except sounds, which are felt only through sundering. Thus:-- 1. [Warmth is felt through sundering] 2. Cold is felt through gathering 3. Moisture, through spreading 4. Dryness, through shrinking 5. Roughness, through sundering 6. Smoothness, through spreading 7. Hardness, through repelling, which is a sort of gathering and shrinking 8. Softness, through being repelled, which is not devoid of spreading and sundering 9. Sweetness, through spreading, devoid of sundering 10. Bitterness, through sundering and shrinking 11. Fragrant Odor, through spreading, devoid of sundering 12. Stinking Odor, through sundering and shrinking 13. Whiteness, through sundering 14. Blackness, through gathering [15. and 16. Sounds: one pair, as above under “d.”]