To these instances the arms of Westbury may well be added, these being: Quarterly, or and azure, a cross patonce, on a bordure twenty lions rampant all counter-changed. No doubt the origin of such a curious bordure is to be found in the "bordure of England," which, either as a mark of cadency or as an indication of affinity or augmentation, can be found in some number of instances. Probably one will suffice as an example. This is forthcoming in Fig. 61, which shows the arms of John de Bretagne, Earl of Richmond. Of a similar nature is the bordure of Spain (indicative of his maternal descent) borne by Richard of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge, who bore: Quarterly France and England, a label of three points argent, each charged with {189} as many torteaux, on a bordure of the same twelve lions rampant purpure (Fig. 316). [Illustration: FIG. 317.--Arms of Bohemia, from the "Pulver Turme" at Prague. (Latter half of the fifteenth century.)] [Illustration: FIG. 316.--Arms of Richard of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge. (From MS. Cott., Julius C. vii.)] Before leaving the lion, the hint may perhaps be usefully conveyed that the temptation to over-elaborate the lion when depicting it heraldically should be carefully avoided. The only result is confusion--the very contrary of the essence of heraldic emblazonment, which was, is, and should be, the method of clear advertisement of identity. Examples of over-elaboration can, however, be found in the past, as will be seen from Fig. 317. This example belongs to the latter half of the fifteenth century, and represents the arms of Bohemia. It is taken from a shield on the "Pulver Turme" at Prague. Parts of lions are very frequently to be met with, particularly as crests. In fact the most common crest in existence is the _demi-lion rampant_ (Fig. 318). This is the upper half of a lion rampant. It is comparatively seldom found other than rampant and couped, so that the term "a demi-lion," unless otherwise qualified, may always be assumed to be a demi-lion rampant couped. As charges upon the shield three will be found in the arms of Bennet, Earl of Tankerville: "Gules, a bezant between three demi-lions rampant argent." The demi-lion may be both guardant and regardant. _Demi-lions rampant and erased_ are more common as charges than as crests. They are to be found in several Harrison coats of arms. [Illustration: FIG. 318.--A demi-lion rampant.] [Illustration: FIG. 319.--A demi-lion passant.] [Illustration: FIG. 320.--A lion's head couped.] _Demi-lions passant_ (Fig. 319) are rather unusual, but in addition to the seeming cases in which they occur by dimidiation they are sometimes found, as in the case of the arms of Newman. {190} _Demi-lion affronté._--The only case which has come under notice would appear to be the crest of Campbell of Aberuchill.