The family tokens (_mon_) of the Japanese, however, fulfil very nearly all of the essentials of armory, although considered heraldically they may appear somewhat peculiar to European eyes. Though perhaps never forming the entire decoration of a shield, they do appear upon weapons and armour, and are used most lavishly in the decoration of clothing, rooms, furniture, and in fact almost every conceivable object, being employed for _decorative_ purposes in precisely the same manners and methods that armorial devices are decoratively made use of in this country. A Japanese of the upper classes always has his _mon_ in three places upon his _kimono_, usually at the back just below the collar and on either sleeve. The Japanese servants also wear their service badge in much the same manner that in olden days the badge was worn by the servants of a nobleman. The design of the service badge occupies the whole available surface of the back, and is reproduced in a miniature form on each lappel of the _kimono_. Unfortunately, like armorial bearings in Europe, but to a far greater extent, the Japanese _mon_ has been greatly pirated and abused. {13} Fig. 1, "Kiku-non-hana-mon," formed from the conventionalised bloom (_hana_) of the chrysanthemum, is the _mon_ of the State. It is formed of sixteen petals arranged in a circle, and connected on the outer edge by small curves. Fig. 2, "Kiri-mon," is the personal _mon_ of the Mikado, formed of the leaves and flower of the _Paulowna imperialis_, conventionally treated. Fig. 3, "Awoï-mon," is the _mon_ of the House of Minamoto Tokugawa, and is composed of three sea leaves (_Asarum_). The Tokugawa reigned over the country as _Shogune_ from 1603 until the last revolution in 1867, before which time the Emperor (the Mikado) was only nominally the ruler. Fig. 4 shows the _mon_ of the House of Minamoto Ashikaya, which from 1336 until 1573 enjoyed the Shogunat. Fig. 5 shows the second _mon_ of the House of Arina, Toymote, which is used, however, throughout Japan as a sign of luck. [Illustration: FIG. 6.--Double eagle on a coin (_drachma_) under the Orthogide of Kaifa Naçr Edin Mahmud, 1217.] [Illustration: FIG. 7.--Device of the Mameluke Emir Toka Timur, Governor of Rahaba, 1350.] [Illustration: FIG. 8.--Lily on the Bab-al-Hadid gate at Damascus.] [Illustration: FIG. 9.--Device of the Emir Arkatây (a band between two keys).] [Illustration: FIG. 10.--Device of the Mameluke Emir Schaikhu.] [Illustration: FIG. 11.--Device of Abu Abdallah, Mohammed ibn Naçr, King of Granada, said to be the builder of the Alhambra (1231-1272).] The Saracens and the Moors, to whom we owe the origin of so many of our recognised heraldic charges and the derivation of some of our terms (_e.g._ "gules," from the Persian _gul_, and "azure" from the Persian _lazurd_) had evidently on their part something more than the rudiments of armory, as Figs. 6 to 11 will indicate. {14}