The student should bear in mind that the various musical instruments mentioned in the Bible must be understood as types. The harp of David was not the same as our harp, the organ was not like our great church instruments, viols, sackbuts, cornets, pipes, psalteries, etc., are names given by the translators to the Hebrew terms used in the Bible. They used words with which they were familiar, and which they thought corresponded in type to the instruments used by the Hebrews. REFERENCES. Rowbotham.—History of Music. Naumann.—History of Music, Vol. I. Engel.—Musical Instruments. Smith.—The World’s Earliest Music. Anderson.—The Story of Extinct Civilizations. Maspéro.—Ancient Egypt and Assyria. Dickinson.—Music in the History of the Western Church. QUESTIONS. What great river valley was the home of the Chaldeans? What do we know of music among the Akkads? What evidence have we to show that the Assyrians held music in high esteem? What instruments did they use? How do we learn of the ideas of the Egyptians in regard to music? Who controlled the knowledge of music and other sciences and arts? Was this beneficial to music? What instruments did the Egyptians use? What was the character of Egyptian music? What was the origin of the Hebrew race? What influences did they come under in Egypt? What difference was there between the music of the Hebrews and that of the nations around them? Why did they express themselves in poetry and music? What was a leading characteristic of their poetry? Have any ancient Hebrew melodies been preserved? What musical instruments did the Hebrews have? What was the origin of these instruments? LESSON III. MUSIC OF THE GREEKS: SCALES. When we think of Greece, it is Athens, the centre of Greek art and culture, that comes to mind. An ancient city, Athens, as history teaches us. The record is that it was founded by Cecrops, who brought a colony from Egypt, in 1556 B. C., a period when Egypt was a centre of power, wealth, education and science. Therefore we infer that these colonists brought with them to Greece the ordinary, popular music and instruments to which they had become accustomed in their home. But there was an older Greece; for late discoveries show that there were five cities, each built upon the ruins of an older city, the first one going back to 2500 B. C. These earlier inhabitants, themselves an offshoot of the great Aryan race, were absorbed by the colonists.