1915 Jan. 1 (Fri.) A new British decoration, the 'Military Cross,' is instituted. The Caucasus:--Ardahan is occupied by the Turks. H.M.S. _Formidable_ (battleship) is torpedoed in the English Channel (600 lives lost). Jan. 2 (Sat.) The Caucasus:--The end of the Battle of Sarykamish (see Dec. 29, 1914): the Turks are routed. East Africa:--Jassin is occupied by the British (see Jan. 19). H.M.S. _Fox_ and H.M.S. _Goliath_ bombard Dar-es-Salaam (German East Africa). Jan. 3 (Sun.) The Caucasus:--Ardahan is reoccupied by the Russians. Jan. 4 (Mon.) A Russian advance in the Bukovina begins. Jan. 7 (Thurs.) The Cameroons:--A German attack on Edea is repulsed. Jan. 8 (Fri.) The Battle of Soissons begins (see Jan. 14): the French advance. The Caucasus:--The Battle of Kara Urgan begins (see Jan. 13). Jan. 9 (Sat.) Northern Persia:--The Turks capture Tabriz from the Russians (see Jan. 30). Jan. 11 (Mon.) A German counter-attack at Soissons is repulsed. Jan. 12 (Tues.) East Africa:--The Island of Mafia surrenders to the British. Jan. 13 (Wed.) Caucasus:--The Battle of Kara Urgan ends in a Turkish defeat (see Jan. 8). Jan. 14 (Thur.) The French fall back on Soissons: the end of the Battle of Soissons (see Jan. 8). South-West Africa:--Swakopmund is occupied by Union forces. Jan. 19 (Tues.) The Austrian army enters Galicia. East Africa:--Jassin is captured by the Germans (see Jan. 2). A Zeppelin raid on Yarmouth, Cromer and King's Lynn. Jan. 21 (Thur.) The Germans capture the Hartmannsweilerkopf (Alsace). Jan. 22 (Fri.) A British air-raid on Zeebrugge. Jan. 24 (Sun.) South Africa:--The rebels under Maritz and Kemp are repulsed with heavy loss at Upington. The Battle of the Dogger Bank: Beatty's squadron destroys the _Blücher_ and damages other German warships. Jan. 25 (Mon.) German attacks are repulsed at Cuinchy and near Givenchy. The German light cruiser _Gazelle_ is torpedoed in the Baltic. The Russians destroy a German airship over Libau. Jan. 26 (Tues.) The Turks advance on Egypt from Palestine. Jan. 29 (Fri.) The Turks occupy Katiyeh, near the Suez Canal. Jan. 30 (Sat.) Northern Persia:--The Russians reoccupy Tabriz (see Jan. 9). Jan. 31 (Sun.) Farsan Island (Red Sea) is occupied by Arab forces. Feb. 1 (Mon.) The British hospital ship _Asturias_ is attacked near Havre by a German submarine. Feb. 2 (Tues.) The first Turkish attack on the Suez Canal. Feb. 3 (Wed.) The Turks are repulsed on the Suez Canal. South Africa:--Kemp, the last rebel leader, surrenders unconditionally; this ends the rebellion (see Oct. 22, 1914). Feb. 4 (Thur.) The British cross the Suez Canal and pursue the Turks. Feb. 6 (Sat.) The Russians again advance in East Prussia. Feb. 7 (Sun.) The Russians retire before a German advance in East Prussia, and are driven back by the Austrians in the Bukovina. Feb. 8 (Mon.) South-West Africa:--General Botha sails for Walfish Bay (see July 9, 1915).