Gallipoli:--Slight successes are gained against the Turkish positions above Suvla Bay. Aug. 8 (Sun.) Gallipoli:--The New Zealanders capture Chunuk Bair. This is the critical day at Suvla (see Aug. 10). Persian Gulf:--Bushire is occupied by the British. H.M.S. _India_ (armed merchant cruiser) is sunk by a submarine off the Norwegian coast. Aug. 9 (Mon.) A successful British counter-attack at Hooge: the trenches lost on July 30 are recaptured. A British submarine sinks a Turkish battleship, the _Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa_. The British destroyer _Lynx_ is mined off the Moray Firth. A Zeppelin raid on the east coast of England. A Zeppelin is destroyed near Ostend. Aug. 10 (Tues.) The German advance beyond the Vistula begins. Gallipoli:--The Turks regain Chunuk Bair. A German squadron fails to force its way into the Gulf of Riga (see Aug. 17, 18, and 21). The German mine-layer and raider _Meteor_ is blown up, to avoid capture by British cruisers near the German coast. Aug. 11 (Wed.) Gallipoli:--The end of the Battle of Sari Bair (see Aug. 6). Aug. 12 (Thur.) Syedlets (Poland) is taken by the Germans. A Zeppelin raid on the east coast of England. Aug. 14 (Sat.) A German submarine sinks a British transport, the _Royal Edward_, in the Ægean (the first British transport to be lost). Aug. 15 (Sun.) The Germans take Vlodava (Poland). Gallipoli:--The end of the Battle of Suvla (see Aug. 6). Aug. 16 (Mon.) The Russians retake Mitau (see Aug. 1). Aug. 17 (Tues.) The Germans capture Kovno (see July 20). A German squadron enters the Gulf of Riga (see Aug. 10, 18, and 21). Aug. 18 (Wed.) The Germans cut the Brest-Bialystok railway. A Russian naval success in the Gulf of Riga: the German squadron which has entered the Gulf suffers severe losses. A British submarine torpedoes the German battle-cruiser _Moltke_ in the Baltic. The British submarine E13 is shelled by German warships when aground in Danish waters. She is wrecked and interned. Aug. 19 (Thur.) A German submarine sinks the White Star liner _Arabic_ south of Ireland. Aug. 20 (Fri.) Italy declares war on Turkey. Novo-Georgievsk is captured by the Germans; a further Russian retreat follows. Aug. 21 (Sat.) The British and French Governments declare cotton an absolute contraband of war. Gallipoli:--A fresh British attack on the Turkish positions at Suvla fails. The German naval forces retire from the Gulf of Riga (see Aug. 17 and 18). Aug. 23 (Mon.) The Germans take Ossowietz. The Austro-Germans occupy Kovel. A Franco-British squadron bombards Zeebrugge. Aug. 25 (Wed.) Brest-Litovsk is taken by the Germans. Aug. 26 (Thur.) The Russians evacuate the fort of Olita on the Niemen. A British aeroplane bombs and sinks a German submarine near Ostend. Aug. 27 (Fri.) Germany notifies the U.S.A. that her submarine commanders are henceforward forbidden to sink merchantmen without warning. Aug. 28 (Sat.)