The liner _Appam_ is captured by the _Möwe_ off the Canaries (see Feb. 1 and March 4). Jan. 17 (Mon.) A Russian victory in the Caucasus: the Turks retire on Erzerum. The _Clan MacTavish_ is sunk by the _Möwe_. Jan. 18 (Tues.) Allied warships bombard Dedeagatch and Porto Lagos on the Bulgarian coast. Jan. 21 (Fri.) Mesopotamia:--Action of Um-el-Hannah: the Kut relieving force is repulsed. Jan. 22 (Sat.) Montenegro:--Antivari is taken by the Austrians. Jan. 23 (Sun.) The Austrians complete their possession of Montenegro by the occupation of Scutari. Western Egypt:--A British column disperses the Senussi Arabs and burns their camp. A German air-raid on Kent. A French air-raid on Metz. Jan. 24 (Mon.) German attacks near Neuville meet with some success. A French air-raid on Monastir. Jan. 27 (Thur.) The U.S.A. Government publishes a Note of protest against the British search of mails. A German attack on the British near Loos is repulsed. Jan. 29 (Sat.) A Zeppelin raid on Paris. Jan. 31 (Mon.) A Zeppelin raid on the Midlands (67 killed); a Zeppelin, the L19, is wrecked in the North Sea while returning from the raid. Feb. 1 (Tues.) The British liner _Appam_ arrives at Norfolk, Virginia, manned by a German prize crew. A German air-raid on Salonika. Feb. 2 (Wed.) The Dutch steamer _Artemis_ is torpedoed by a German submarine. Feb. 3 (Thur.) Mesopotamia:--Heavy fighting before Kut. Feb. 4 (Fri.) Heavy fighting round Dvinsk. Feb. 8 (Tues.) The Russians cross the Dniester. The French cruiser _Amiral Charnier_ is sunk by a mine or submarine off the Syrian coast. Feb. 9 (Wed.) A German air-raid on Ramsgate and Broadstairs. A British air-raid on Terhand. Feb. 10 (Thur.) The Military Service Act (instituting compulsory service for single men aged 19 to 30) comes into operation in Great Britain. It is announced that Sir H. Smith-Dorrien resigns command in East Africa owing to ill-health (see Dec. 14, 1915), and that Lieut.-General J. Smuts is appointed to succeed him (see Jan. 28, 1917). The Caucasus:--The Russian attack on Erzerum begins (see Feb. 16). The reorganised Serbian army (75,000 troops) is successfully concentrated at Corfu. British mine-sweepers are attacked off the Dogger Bank; the _Arabis_ is sunk. Feb. 11 (Fri.) H.M.S. _Arethusa_ (light cruiser) is sunk by a mine off the East Coast. Feb. 12 (Sat.) The Germans make several attempts to cross the Yser Canal. German attacks near Vimy are repulsed. Feb. 13 (Sun.) The Caucasus:--A Russian success at Erzerum. Feb. 14 (Mon.) A German success at 'the Bluff,' near Ypres: the British lose trenches (see March 2). An Austrian air-raid on Milan. Feb. 16 (Wed.) Verdun is cleared of its civilian population. The Caucasus:--Erzerum is captured by the Russians (see Feb. 10). Feb. 19 (Sat.) German attacks are repulsed south of Arras and north of Ypres.