The French liner _Yarra_ is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean. May 31 (Thur.) The Austrian Reichsrath is summoned for the first time during the war; the new Emperor Charles promises a more liberal constitution after the war. June 1 (Fri.) Great Britain:--Lord Devonport resigns the office of Food Controller (see June 15). The French Premier, M. Ribot, announces the refusal of his Government to allow French Socialists to attend the Stockholm Conference (see May 9 and Aug. 13). British naval aeroplanes bomb the German bases at Bruges, Ostend, and Zeebrugge. June 2 (Sat.) The British transport _Cameronian_ is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean (63 lives lost). June 3 (Sun.) Great Allied air-raids on the German aerodromes at Zeebrugge, St. Denis Westrom, and Bruges. A French air-raid on Trèves, as a reprisal for the bombardment of Bar-le-Duc. June 4 (Mon.) Resignation of General Alexeieff as Russian Commander-in-Chief; he is succeeded by General Brussiloff (see Aug. 1). June 5 (Tues.) An action at long range between British light cruisers and destroyers, under Commodore Tyrwhitt, and six German destroyers; one German destroyer, the S20, is sunk by gunfire. Ostend is bombarded by British naval forces. A daylight raid by 18 German aeroplanes on the south-eastern counties of England; two German aeroplanes are destroyed. June 7 (Thur.) A British offensive is launched between Ypres and Armentières (the Battle of Messines; see June 14): an attack in strength on the Messines-Wytschaete Ridge is preceded by the explosion of 19 mines; Messines, the Messines Ridge, the village of Oosttaverne, and the enemy's positions on a front of 9 miles are captured, with 7000 prisoners and many guns. June 8 (Fri.) The German proposal of an armistice on the Eastern Front is rejected by the Russian Government. General Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the United States Expeditionary Force, arrives in London. German counter-attacks in the Messines area are repulsed. June 10 (Sun.) Publication of President Wilson's message to the Russian Government, defining the war aims of the U.S.A. The Italian offensive on the Isonzo Front ends, but between the Brenta and the Adige the Italians attack and capture the Agnello Pass and the greater part of Monte Ortigara. June 11 (Mon.) Greece:--King Constantine abdicates, as demanded by the Allies, in favour of his second son Alexander. The British gain ground on the right of their new front south-east of Ypres. A British drifter destroys two German seaplanes in the Channel. June 12 (Tues.) A British naval force captures the Turkish fortress of Saliff, on the Arabian shore of the Red Sea. June 13 (Wed.) The Trentino Front:--An Austrian attack on Monte Ortigara is repulsed by the Italians. A daylight raid by 15 German aeroplanes on London: 157 persons are killed, 432 injured; one enemy machine is destroyed. June 14 (Thur.) The end of the Battle of Messines (see June 7).