The Germans attack in strength the British and French positions on a ten-mile front between Météren and Voormezeele and are severely defeated; this ends the Battle of the Lys (see April 9). Mesopotamia:--General Marshall defeats the Turks at Tuz Khartmatli, half-way between Baghdad and Mosul, taking 300 prisoners and 6 guns. April 30 (Tues.) Palestine:--General Allenby again advances towards the Hedjaz railway, and recaptures Es Salt (see April 1). Mesopotamia:--General Marshall reaches the Tank River and captures 12 more guns and many more prisoners. May 1 (Wed.) The Germans create a military dictatorship in the Ukraine; Field Marshal von Eichhorn breaks up the Ukranian Rada and establishes a German military Government at Kieff. Palestine:--The British suffer a reverse between Jisr-ed-Damieh and Es Salt and lose 9 guns. May 2 (Thur.) The French make progress on the Avre. British airmen bomb the lock-gates at Zeebrugge. May 3 (Fri.) Palestine:--General Allenby is compelled to withdraw his forces to the west bank of the Jordan. May 5 (Sun.) Lord French is appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. The British gain ground in the angle between the Ancre and the Somme. East Africa:--A British success near Manunga (160 miles south of Lake Nyassa). H.M.S. _Rhododendron_ (sloop) is sunk by a submarine in the North Sea. May 7 (Tues.) The Peace of Bucharest is signed between the Central Powers and Roumania. Mesopotamia:--General Marshall occupies Kirkuk (110 miles south-east of Mosul) (see May 24). May 8 (Wed.) Nicaragua declares war on Germany. May 10 (Fri.) H.M.S. _Vindictive_ (obsolete cruiser), damaged in the raid on Zeebrugge, is successfully sunk across the entrance to Ostend harbour. May 11 (Sat.) Mesopotamia:--The British, advancing along the Baghdad-Mosul road, drive the Turks across the Lesser Zab (70 miles from Mosul). A British submarine destroys a German submarine of the 'cruiser' type. May 14 (Tues.) An Italian motor boat enters the port of Pola and sinks an Austrian battleship. The British destroyer _Phœnix_ is sunk by a submarine in the Adriatic. May 15 (Wed.) The French advance their line north of Kemmel Hill. May 16 (Thur.) A British air-raid on Saarbrücken. May 17 (Fri.) Great Britain:--A number of Sinn Fein leaders are arrested in connection with the discovery of a German-Irish plot. Albania:--French and Italian forces advance on a sixteen-mile front. May 18 (Sat.) British airmen raid Cologne by daylight. May 19 (Whit Sunday) Ville-sur-Ancre is captured by Australian troops. The Italians capture Austrian positions at Capo Sile (north of the Venetian lagoons). A night raid by German aeroplanes on London (44 killed); five of the raiders are destroyed. German airmen bomb a group of British hospitals at Etaples and cause many casualties. May 20 (Mon.) The French gain ground near Locre. May 21 (Tues.) A German aeroplane raid on Paris (three killed); one raider is brought down.