[Footnote 216: Yahya-bin Saeed al Ansaree, Ali-bin Abdullah-bin Abbas, Ibnal Mosayyab, Ata Ibrahim-bin Maisura, Mohammad-bin Sireen, Kasim, and Abdullah-bin Omar say that Ikrama was a liar. Vide _Mizanul Etedal_ of Zahabi, _Koukabi Durrari Sharah_, _Saheeh Bokhari_, by Shamsuddin Kirmani; and _Marafat Anwaa-ilm Hadees_, by Abu Omar-ad-Damishki.] [Footnote 217: The Life of Mahomet, by Sir W. Muir, Vol. III, p. 200.] [Footnote 218: Elements of International Law, by Henry Wheaton, LL.D. Sixth edition, by William Beach Lawrence, Boston, 1855; Part IV, Chapter I, p. 374, quoting Bynkershoek; in p. 416, quoting Bynkershoek and Wolff.] [Footnote 219: _Ibid_, Chapter II, p. 470.] [Footnote 220: The collections of Moslem _Apud_ Boreida, _vide_ Mishkat, p. 333.] [Footnote 221: The collections of Abu Daud in the Book of Jihad, Vol. II, p. 26.] [Footnote 222: The Life of Mohammad based on Mohammad-ibn Ishak, by Abdel Malik-ibn Hisham, p. 714.] [Footnote 223: The Life of Mahomet, by Sir W. Muir, Vol. IV, p. 14.] [Footnote 224: Or Yoseir-bin Razim.] [Footnote 225: As Khyber was not yet conquered, neither Mohammad could make such a promise, nor the Jews could have been induced to believe it; therefore the story is a false one.] [Footnote 226: The Life of Mohammad, by Abdel Malik-bin Hisham, pp. 980-981.] [Footnote 227: Muir's Life of Mahomet, Vol. IV, pp. 16-17.] [Footnote 228: Muir's Life of Mahomet, Vol. IV. p. 20.] [Footnote 229: The Life of Mohammad, by Abdel Malik-bin Hisham, pp. 992-993. The fighting was, according to Arab custom, in single combats.] [Footnote 230: Mahomet and his Successors, by Washington Irving, p. 118, London, 1869.] [Footnote 231: Muir's Life of Mahomet, Vol. IV, p. 20, foot-note.] [Footnote 232: Compare "Contributions to Political Science," by Francis Lieber, LL.D., Vol. II, p. 250.] _The alleged Cruelties in executing the Prisoners of War and others_. [Sidenote: 57. Treatment of the prisoners of war.] Some of the war prisoners had received the condign punishment of execution for their crimes in conformity with the laws of war. It has been alleged by some European biographers of Mohammad that their (the war prisoners') execution was cruel, and that they were accused of no crime except their scepticism and political antagonism.[233] The persons executed were as follows:-- 1. Nadhr-bin-Harith. 2. Okba. 3. Abul Ozza. 4. Moavia-bin-Mughira. [Sidenote: The law of nations regarding the prisoners of war.]