A Critical Exposition of the Popular 'Jihád': Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and; that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not; Allowed in The Koran - 1885Cherágh Ali
Islamic
A Critical Exposition of the Popular 'Jihád': Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and; that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not; Allowed in The Koran - 1885
Cherágh Ali
Islam -- Apologetic works; Islam -- Relations; Jihad; War -- Religious aspects -- Islam
33. The same verse, word for word.
Sale ... "Wage war."
Rodwell ... "Contend against."
Palmer ... "Strive strenuously."
The word _Jahid_ is the same in both the passages, yet the translators
differ in their interpretation of it. As there had been no war against
the hypocrites, the word cannot be held to bear the construction they
put on it, even if we deprived it of its proper signification. In one
place Sale takes _Jahid_ to mean "attacking with arms," and in another
he takes it in the sense of attacking with arguments.
There is no signification of "attacking" in _Jihad_, but only that of
"exerting," and the verse simply means, "exert thyself in preaching to,
and remonstrating with, the unbelievers and hypocrites, and also be
strict towards them,"--_i.e._, not to be smooth with them, nor to be
beguiled by them.[332]
[Sidenote: (22) The tried, LXI.]
34. "O Ye believers! take not my foe and your foe for friends: ye
show them kindness although they believe not that truth which hath
come to you: they drive forth the Apostle and yourself because ye
believe in God your Lord! If ye have come forth[333] (_Jihadan_)
labouring in my cause, and from a desire to please Me, ye show them
kindness in private, then I well know what ye conceal and what ye
discover! And whoso of you doth this hath verily, therefore, gone
astray from the even way."
Sale translates _Jihadan_ as meaning "to fight in the
defence of my religion."
Rodwell ... "To fight on my path."
Palmer ... "Fighting strenuously."
The translators quoted above say that Hatib had informed the Meccans of
an intended surprise of Mecca on the part of Mohammad with the view of
making terms for his own family, which had been left there. On this
occasion the passage was revealed. This shows that the campaign of Mecca
is termed _Jihad_. But Sir William Muir does not agree with them. He
says in a footnote:--"The opening verses of the sixtieth Sura are said
to refer to Hatib; but they appear to have a general bearing against too
great intimacy with the Coreish during the truce and to be, therefore,
of a prior date."[334]
35. Hatib's story. The story regarding Hatib's revelation of the
intended attack upon Mecca by Mohammad, is not supported by authentic
and trustworthy traditions. The authentic tradition of Bokhari[335] only
states that the occasion of the verse being revealed was in the case of
Hatib, but does not say that it was during the campaign of Mecca, nor
that the information contained anything about the intended campaign. The
authentic tradition only says that the report contained information
regarding some of the affairs of the Prophet.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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