1. Athenian Acropolis 2. Sketch Map of Attica 3. Sketch Map of Athens 4. Peasant going to Market 5. At the Street Fountain 6. A Wayside Herm 7. A Carpenter 8. Conjectural Plan for the house of a Wealthy Athenian 9. Spinning 10. The Maternal Slipper 11. Athenian Funeral Monument 12. At the Smithy 13. Hoplite in Armor 14. The Town of Peiræus and the Harbors of Athens 15. Fishermen 16. An Athenian Trireme 17. The Race in Armor 18. Itinerant Piper with his Dog 19. Women pounding Meal 20. Gathering the Olive Harvest 21. Rural Sacrifice to a Wooden Statue of Dionysus 22. Sketch Map of the Acropolis of Athens 23. Sacrificing a Pig 24. Athena Parthenos 25. Comic Actors dressed as Ostriches 26. Actor in Costume as a Fury A Day in Old Athens Chapter I. The Physical Setting of Athens. 1. The Importance of Athens in Greek History.—To three ancient nations the men of the twentieth century owe an incalculable debt. To the Jews we owe most of our notions of religion; to the Romans we owe traditions and examples in law, administration, and the general management of human affairs which still keep their influence and value; and finally, to the Greeks we owe nearly all our ideas as to the fundamentals of art, literature, and philosophy, in fact, of almost the whole of our intellectual life. These Greeks, however, our histories promptly teach us, did not form a single unified nation. They lived in many “city-states” of more or less importance, and some of the largest of these contributed very little directly to our civilization. Sparta, for example, has left us some noble lessons in simple living and devoted patriotism, but hardly a single great poet, and certainly never a philosopher or sculptor. When we examine closely, we see that the civilized life of Greece, during the centuries when she was accomplishing the most, was peculiarly centered at Athens. Without Athens, Greek history would lose three quarters of its significance, and modern life and thought would become infinitely the poorer.