Gladiators saluting the Editor 402 Defeated Gladiator Appealing for Mercy 403 Maison Carrée, Nîmes 408 Farmer’s Calendar 413 Circular Temple, probably of Goddess Matuta, Rome 415 Roman Altar 425 A Military Sacrifice 427 Roman Altar 428 Vestal Virgin 430 Archi-Gallus, Priest of Cybele 441 Shrine of Cybele 442 Mithras the Bull Slayer 446 Mithraic Emblems 447 Traveling Carriage (_Reda_) 454 Roman Bridge 455 Roman Spades 458 Ruins of Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli (_Tibur_) 459 Ruins of Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli (_Tibur_) 460 Villa of Pliny the Younger; restored 461 Roman Garden Scene 463 Marble Urn or Garden Ornament 464 Hadrian 469 View in the Christian Catacombs 473 A DAY IN OLD ROME CHAPTER I THE GENERAL ASPECT OF THE CITY =1. The Prosperity of Rome in the Reign of Hadrian= (117–138 A.D.).--In the year 134 A.D. the great Emperor Hadrian was turning his steps back to Rome after three long journeys of inspection over his enormous dominions. Never before had that Empire seemed so prosperous. No serious war was upon the horizon. The Parthian king and the Germanic chiefs were only too happy to keep beyond the Euphrates or the Rhine and the Danube, highly respectful before the disciplined power of the guardian legions. In the provinces there was generally loyalty and contentment, save only in unhappy Judæa where the Roman generals were stamping out the last embers of a desperate rebellion, undertaken by those Jews allowed to remain in Palestine after Titus’s capture of Jerusalem (70 A.D.). The imperial government created by Augustus and strengthened by later emperors appeared an unqualified success, while the tyrannies of Nero and Domitian were becoming things merely of frightened memory.