A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water.Galilei, Galileo
Science
A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water.
Galilei, Galileo
Hydrostatics; Specific gravity
To this, I answer, first; that treating of the operation of Figure
in Bodies put into the Water, none can suppose them to be put into the
Water without being wet; nor do I desire more to be done to the Board,
then I will give you leave to do to the Ball. Moreover, it is untrue,
that the Board sinks by vertue of the new Weight added to it by the
Water, in the single and slight bathing of it: for I will put ten or
twenty drops of Water upon the same Board, whilst it is sustained upon
the water; which drops, because not conjoyned with the other Water
circumfused, shall not so encrease the weight of it, as to make it
sink: but if the Board being taken out, and all the water wiped off
that was added thereto, I should bath all its Superficies with one
only very small drop, and put it again upon the water, without doubt
it shall sink, the other Water running to cover it, not being retained
by the superiour Air; which Air by the interposition of the thin vail
of water, that takes away its Contiguity unto the Ebony, shall without
Renitence be seperated, nor doth it in the least oppose the succession
of the other Water: but rather, to speak better, it shall descend
freely; because it shall be all invironed and covered with water, as
soon as its superiour Superficies, before vailed with water, doth
arrive to the Levell of the universall Surface of the said water. To
say, in the next place, that water can encrease the weight of things
that are demitted into it, is most false; for water hath no Gravity in
water[45], since it descends not: yea, if we would well consider what any
immense Mass of water doth put upon a grave Body; that is placed in
it, we shall find experimentally, that it, on the contrary, will
rather in a great part deminish the weight of it[46], and that we may be
able to lift an huge Stone from the Bottom of the water, which the
water being removed, we are not able to stir. Nor let them tell me by
way of reply, that although the superposed water augment not the
Gravity of things that are in it, yet it increaseth the ponderosity of
those that swim, and are part in the water and part in the Air, as is
seen, for Example, in a Brass Ketle[47], which whilst it is empty of
water, and replenished only with Air shall swim, but pouring of Water
therein, it shall become so grave, that it shall sink to the Bottom,
and that by reason of the new weight added thereto. To this I will
return answer, as above, that the Gravity of the Water, contained in
the Vessel is not that which sinks it to the Bottom, but the proper
Gravity of the Brass, superiour to the Specificall Gravity of the
Water: for if the Vessel were less grave than water, the Ocean would
not suffice to submerge it[48]. And, give me leave to repeat it again, as
the fundamentall and principall point in this Case, that the Air
contained in this Vessel before the infusion of the Water, was that
which kept it a-float[49], since that there was made of it, and of the
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