As to the number of the stars as classified according to their
magnitude, that is their brightness, it may be mentioned that there
are approximately 20 stars of the first magnitude, 65 of the second,
300 of the third, and 450 of the fourth. We cannot see stars fainter
than the sixth magnitude with the naked eye.
[Illustration: PISCES]
TRIANGULUM (trī-an´-gū-lum)--THE TRIANGLE. (Face East.)
LOCATION.--A line drawn from the star γ Pegasi to Algol in Perseus
passes through β Trianguli.
The triangle is clearly defined and a beautiful figure. It lies just
below Andromeda, and above Aries.
Triangulum is a very ancient constellation, being formerly named
Deltoton, from the Greek letter Delta Δ.
It was in this locality that Piazzi discovered the asteroid Ceres,
January 1, 1800.
α Trianguli is sometimes called "Caput Trianguli."
α and β Trianguli were known as "The Scale Beam." According to
Argelander the constellation contains fifteen stars.
The Triangle has been likened to the Trinity, and the Mitre of St.
Peter.
[Illustration: TRIANGULUM]
AQUARIUS (a-kwā´ri-us)--THE WATER CARRIER. (Face Southwest.)
LOCATION.--A line drawn from β Pegasi to α of the same constellation,
and prolonged as far again, ends just east of the so-called water jar
of Aquarius, which is formed by a group of four stars in the form of a
"Y," as indicated in the diagram. The Arabians called these four stars
a tent.
The jar is represented as inverted, allowing a stream of water
represented by dim stars in pairs and groups of three stars, to
descend, ending in the bright star Fomalhaut, the mouth of the
Southern Fish.
A rough map of South America can be traced in the stars θ, λ, τ, δ,
88, ι.
A rude dipper can be made out in the western part of the
constellation, formed of the stars α, β, ν, ε.
The stars τ and ζ are doubles. Of the former pair, one is white, the
other orange in color. Fomalhaut was the object of sunrise worship in
the temple of Demeter at Eleusis in 500 B.C. The ancients called this
region of the sky "the Sea."
In the vicinity of δ, Mayer observed in 1756 what he termed a fixed
star. Herschel thought it a comet. It proved to be the planet Uranus.
ζ is almost exactly on the celestial equator.
λ is a red star, the most prominent of the first stars in the stream.
The stars in Piscis Australis can be traced out with an opera-glass.
Fomalhaut and Capella, in Auriga, rise almost exactly at the same
minute.
Fomalhaut is one of the four "royal stars" of astrology. The others
are Regulus, Antares, and Aldebaran.
[Illustration: AQUARIUS]
CAPRICORNUS (kap-ri-kôr´-nus)--THE SEA GOAT. (Face Southwest.)
LOCATION.--A line drawn from α Pegasi through ζ and θ in the same
constellation, and projected about 25°, strikes α and β in
Capricornus.
This constellation contains three principal stars--α and β mentioned
above, and δ about 20° east of them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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