A Field Study of the Kansas Ant-Eating Frog, Gastrophryne olivaceaFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
A Field Study of the Kansas Ant-Eating Frog, Gastrophryne olivacea
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Frogs
Hecht and Matalas (1946) have described and figured color patterns in
various populations of _Gastrophryne_, demonstrating geographic trends
and helping to clarify relationships. Their account indicates that the
dark dorsal mark present in young of _olivacea_ but not present in
adults, is better developed and longer persisting in other forms.
Specimens of _carolinensis_, presumably adult, are figured which have
the dark middorsal area contrasting with paler color of the sides. The
dark area is seen to consist of dots or blotches of black pigment which
may be in contact producing more or less continuous black areas, or may
be separate and distinct producing a spotted pattern. Pigmentation is
usually most intense along the lateral edges of the dorsal leaflike
mark; the central portion may be so much paler that the effect is that
of a pair of dorsolateral stripes. This latter type of pattern is best
developed in the population of Key West, Florida. Hecht and Matalas did
not consider these insular frogs to be taxonomically distinct, because
only 48 percent of specimens from the Florida keys had the "Key West"
pattern, while 29 per cent resembled _olivacea_ and 23 per cent
resembled _carolinensis_. In the southwestern subspecies (or species)
_mazatlanensis_, recorded from several localities in Sonora and from
extreme southern Arizona, the dorsal pigmentation similarly tends to be
concentrated in dorsolateral bands, but is much reduced or almost
absent, and there is corresponding pigmentation dorsally across the
middle of the thigh, across the middle of the shank, and on the foot.
When the leg is folded, these three dark areas are brought in contact
with each other and with the dorsolateral body mark, if it is present,
to form a continuous dark area, in a characteristic "ruptive" pattern.
Hecht and Matalas found similar leg bars, less well developed, in
certain specimens of _olivacea_ including one from Gage County,
Nebraska, at the northern end of the known geographic range.
MOVEMENTS
Freiburg (_op. cit._: 384) concluded that ant-eating frogs seem to have
no individual home ranges, but wander in any direction where suitable
habitat is present. However, from records covering a much longer span of
time, it became increasingly evident that a frog ordinarily tends to
stay within a small area, familiar to it and providing its habitat
requirements.
Nevertheless, in all but a few instances the marked frogs recaptured
were in new locations a greater or lesser distance from the site of
original capture. The movements made by these frogs were of several
distinct types:
1. Routine day to day movements from shelter to shelter within
the area familiar to the animal, the "home range."
2. Shifts from one home range to another; such shifts may have
been either long or short, and may have occurred abruptly or
by gradual stages.
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