A Field Study of the Kansas Ant-Eating Frog, Gastrophryne olivacea — John Shaqi
A Field Study of the Kansas Ant-Eating Frog, Gastrophryne olivaceaFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
A Field Study of the Kansas Ant-Eating Frog, Gastrophryne olivacea
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Frogs
Most of the 79 frogs of which temperatures were measured, were found
under shelter, chiefly beneath flat rocks. The rocks most utilized were
in open situations, exposed to sunshine. Most of the frogs were in
contact with the warmed undersurfaces of such rocks. Forty-three of the
frogs, approximately 54.5 percent, were in the eight-degree range
between 24° and 31° C. Probably the preferred temperatures lie within
this range. The highest body temperature recorded, 37.6° C., was in a
frog which "froze" and remained motionless in the sunshine for half a
minute after the rock sheltering it was overturned. Probably its
temperature was several degrees lower while it was sheltered by the
rock. Other unusually high temperatures were recorded in newly
metamorphosed frogs found hiding in piles of decaying vegetation near
the edge of the pond, on hot afternoons of late August. Temperatures
ranged from 17.0° to 30.7° in frogs that were found actually moving
about. Several with relatively low temperatures, 22° to 17°, were
juveniles travelling in rain or mist on cool days. These frogs, having
relatively low temperature, were sluggish in their movements, as
compared with individuals at the upper end of the temperature range.
[Illustration: FIG. 2. Body temperatures and nearby air temperatures for
frogs found under natural conditions. Dots represent frogs found under
shelter; circles represent those found in the open.]
After the first frost each year the frogs usually could not be found,
either in the open or in their usual hiding places beneath rocks. They
probably had retired to deep subterranean hibernation sites. The only
exception was in 1954, when two immature frogs were found together in a
pitfall on the morning of December 5 after a rain of .55 inches ending
many weeks of drought. Air temperature had been little above 10° C. that
night, but had often been below freezing in the preceding five weeks.
Reactions of these same two individuals to low temperatures were tested
in the laboratory. At a body temperature of 11° C. they were extremely
sluggish. They were capable of slow, waddling movements, but were
reluctant to move and tended to crouch motionless. Even when they were
prodded, they usually did not move away, but merely flinched slightly.
At 6° C. they were even more sluggish, and seemed incapable of
locomotion, as they could not be induced to hop or walk by prodding with
a fine wire. When placed upside down on a flat surface, they could turn
over, but did so slowly, sometimes only after a minute or more had
elapsed. Respiratory throat movements numbered 46 and 60 per minute.
BREEDING
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