A first book in organic evolutionShute, D. Kerfoot (Daniel Kerfoot)
Science
A first book in organic evolution
Shute, D. Kerfoot (Daniel Kerfoot)
Evolution
A careful study of the life-histories of the few unicellular animals and
plants mentioned in the preceding pages will help to let one realize the
wonderful powers of nucleated pieces of protoplasm (cells). If isolated
pieces of protoplasm can accomplish so much, one will not be astonished
to learn that many diverse cells associated together in intimate
correlations, as occurs in the higher animals, may accomplish results
that are profoundly interesting and marvelous. As far as anatomy and
physiology alone can reveal, it is the result of millions of cells acting
together that makes possible the existence of such a living, sentient,
thinking creature as man or the highly intelligent elephant or any other
multicellular animal. It is due to the mysterious powers of protoplasm
that one little microscopic cell, like the fertilized ovum of a woman, is
able to hold all the heritages of the race, and gradually unfold them as
it builds up the body into myriads of diverse cells intimately associated
together.
All of the wonderful results of Embryology are accomplished through
cell-multiplications, cell-differentiations, cell-associations,
invagination and evaginations of cell-groups (tissues or organs), and
unequal growth of parts (cells or groups of cells).
[Illustration: FIG. 10.—Segmentation of the fertilized ovum and
Gastrulation: 4, morula; 5, section through blastula showing hollow
sphere; 6, gastrula showing outer layer of cells (epiblast) and inner
layer (hypoblast); the 6 is at the mouth of the cavity (enteron) of the
gastrula.]
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