[374] -- This was apparently the usual route for travellers from the coast to Vijayanagar. Fr. Luis used it for his journey from Cochin to the capital in 1509 (above, p. 123, and note). [375] -- Probably Sandur, about 120 miles from the coast at Bhatkal. Sandur is a small Mahratta state 25 miles from Vijayanagar. [376] -- That is, on the east of Portuguese India, west of the territory of Vijayanagar. [377] -- Unidentified. The great tree was of course a banyan. [378] -- Coromandel. This name was applied by the Portuguese to the Eastern Tamil and Southern Telugu countries. It had no well-defined limits, and often was held to extend even as far north as to the Krishna river, or even to Orissa. Yule and Burnell adhere to the now generally received definition of the name from CHOLA-MANDALA, the country of the Cholas (Glossary, S.V. Coromandel). [379] -- Orissa. [380] -- COMQUISTA COM is evidently an error for CONFINA COM. The same word is used three times in the next paragraph. [381] -- The Adil Khan, Sultan of Bijapur. The name is sometimes written by the Portuguese IDALXA (XA for Shah). We have numberless spellings in the old chronicles, thus, HIDALCAN, ADELHAM, &c. [382] -- For Nizam-ul-Mulkh, or the Nizam Shah, the Sultan of Ahmadnagar. Similarly the Qutb Shah of Golkonda is called in these chronicles "Cotamaluco." The Imad Shah of Birar is called the "Imademaluco," or even "Madremaluco," by the Dutch (Linschoten) and Portuguese. The Barid Shah of Bidar is styled "Melique Verido." [383] -- The spelling of the name in the original is very doubtful. First it reads ARCHA, on the next occasion it is undoubtedly DARCHA. The third mention of the place calls it LARCHA. But in each case the R is not very clear, and might be an I undotted. Moreover, the C may possibly be an E, and the name may be ARCHA or DAREHA. If we should accept the latter, we may identify it with Dharwar, and believe it to be the same as the DUREE of Nuniz (below, p. 292). [384] -- PRANHAS in original, probably for PIANHAS or PEANHAS (see below, p. 288). [385] -- JOGIS, Hindu ascetics. [386] -- This probably refers to the Egyptian obelisk at St. Peter's. [387] -- Evidently the god GANESA. [388] -- "Bisnaga," the Portuguese rendering of VIJAYANAGAR, the "city of victory." The spellings adopted by different writers have been endless. We have Beejanugger and Beejnugger in the translations of Firishtah; Bisnagar, Bidjanagar, Bijanagher, amongst the Portuguese; Bicheneger In the writings of the Russian Nikitin; Bizenegalia in those of the Italian Nicolo dei Conti. [389] -- BUQUEYROIS. The word implies something dug out, as opposed so redoubts, which would be built up. [390] -- Dakhan. [391] -- This is Nagalapur, the modern Hospett (EPIG. IND., iv. 267). [392] -- This tank or lake is described by Nuniz (see p. 364). [393] -- HUU TIRO DE FALLCAO, a shot from a falcon, an old piece of artillery.