The _hypobranchial artery_ passes along the ventral ends of the gill pouches. It is either connected with the efferent branchial loops by short branches, or is formed, in part at least, by short vessels connecting these loops. The hypobranchials are important nutrient vessels, supplying the gill pouches and the muscles of the throat and the oesophagus by means of numerous small arteries; from the hypobranchials also arise small _posterior coronary arteries_ which pass to the ventral and posterior walls of the pericardium and the sinus venosus, and larger _anterior coronary arteries_ supplying the ventricle and conus arteriosus. The hypobranchials can frequently he followed along the dorsal side of the pericardium and then outward to junctions with the subclavian arteries. The _coeliac artery_ (_coeliac axis_) arises from the aorta just back of the subclavians. Passing posteriorly and ventrad close to the right side of the stomach and reaching the gastro-hepatic omentum, it divides into two branches, the _gastro-hepatic_ and _anterior intestinal arteries_. The first gives off a small _hepatic artery_ to the liver and a large _gastric artery_ to the cardiac limb of the stomach. The _anterior intestinal artery_ supplies the pyloric limb of the stomach, the pancreas, duodenum, and right side of the large intestine. Small _genital arteries_, supplying the reproductive glands, arise from the coeliac near its origin. (In Eugaleus the genital arteries arise from the anterior and posterior mesenteric arteries.) At about the middle of the abdominal cavity two arteries arise close together from the aorta. The anterior of the two is the _anterior mesenteric artery_; it passes to the left side of the large intestine and its branches anastomose more or less with those of the anterior intestinal artery. The posterior vessel is the _lienogastric_; it goes to the spleen, pancreas, and loop of the stomach. The _posterior mesenteric artery_ leaves the aorta a little distance back of the lienogastric and passes to the rectal gland, rectum, and cloaca. Free the kidney from the body wall along its outer edge and turn it up so as to expose its dorsal surface. Observe the numerous _parietal arteries_ (going to the body wall) and _renal arteries_ (to the kidney), which spring from the dorsal aorta. Branches of the parietals also pass into the kidney. A pair of small _iliac arteries_ pass into the pelvic fins. _Oviducal arteries_, one or several on each side, arise from the aorta behind the coeliac artery and pass to the oviduct. Their size varies largely with the development and physiological condition of the oviduct. The aorta is continued in the tail as the _caudal artery_.