C^1 Both pairs of wings _alike_ in structure, either
membranous or scaly D
C^2 Fore and hind wings _unlike_ in texture, fore wings
fold over hind wings E
D^1 Both pairs of wings _membranous_, not covered with
scales F
D^2 Both pairs of wings covered with _scales_; mouth parts
tubular for sucking Lepidoptera
E^1 Fore wings very _smooth_, sheath or shell-like,
meeting in a _straight line_ when folded; legs
adapted for walking, running, or swimming; mouth
parts for biting Coleoptera
E^2 Wings not as in E^1 I
F^1 Wings membranous, usually folded or partly folded;
_few nerves_ G
F^2 Both pairs of membranous wings usually _outspread_,
_many nerves_; mouth parts for biting H
G^1 Wings membranous, hooked together and partly folded,
or outspread, _few nerves_ in the wings; mouth parts
for _both biting and sucking_; regions of the body
usually very distinct Hymenoptera
G^2 Wings membranous, usually folded, _few nerves_;
_mouth parts_, a _beak_ for sucking and piercing Hemiptera
H^1 _Outspread membranous_ wings, nearly equal in size;
_antennæ very short_ and inconspicuous Odonata
H^2 As in F^2, but _antennæ not short_; wings sometimes
folded Neuroptera
H^3 Both pairs of wings membranous, folded above the back;
fore wings much larger than hind wings; ovipositors
long; mouth parts rudimentary Ephemerida
I^1 Fore wings folded over hind wings, _crossing_ at their
tips, which are membranous, base of wings thickened,
mouth parts a beak for piercing Hemiptera
I^2 _Fore wings leathery_, folding either at side of body
or on the back; mouth parts for biting, legs often
adapted for _jumping_ Orthoptera
_Note 1._--When wings are folded, it will be helpful to remember
that thickened fore or cover wings always have membranous wings
folded beneath them.
_Insects with no wings_ _Order_
a. Body long and slender, stick-like; legs for walking.
Walking stick Orthoptera
b. Grasshopper-like. Cricket grasshopper Orthoptera
c. Small size; regions very distinct; abdomen
spindle-shape. Ants Hymenoptera
d. Small size; ant-like in appearance; pale white. White
ants Isoptera
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