A guide to the Egyptian collections in the British MuseumBritish Museum. Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities
History
A guide to the Egyptian collections in the British Museum
British Museum. Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities
Egypt -- Antiquities
=The wicked= who were in the Other World consisted of two classes: 1. The
=enemies of Rā=, the Sun-god. 2. The =enemies of Osiris=, _i.e._, the
souls of sinful men and women. The former were gathered together each
night and did their utmost to prevent the sun rising morning by morning,
but they were always seized by the angels of Rā and dragged by them to
the eastern portion of the sky, where they were cast into the fiery
caldrons of the god and consumed in their flames. The heavy mists and
clouds of the morning represented the smoke of these caldrons, and the
red glare of dawn was the reflection of their flames. Opinions differed
as to the way in which the enemies of Osiris were disposed of. According
to some, those who were condemned in the Judgment were devoured by the
monster =Ām-mit=, the “=Eater of the Dead=”; but others held that they
were dragged to the divine block of doom 𓌩, where they were beheaded by
the headsman of Osiris, called =Shesmu= 𓈚𓊃𓅓𓅱𓀭. Sometimes their bodies
were hacked limb from limb by him, and sometimes they were seized upon by
the “Watchers,” who “carry slaughtering knives, and have cruel fingers,”
and cut the dead into pieces, which were thrown down into pits of fire,
or into the great Lake of Fire. Here at one corner sat a monster who
swallowed hearts and ate up the dead, himself remaining invisible; his
name was “Devourer for millions of years.”
The =judgment of souls= took place at midnight, and the righteous were
rewarded, and the condemned punished before a new day began. The souls
of all those who had died during the day were judged that day, and their
cases disposed of finally; =eternal happiness= was decreed for the
blessed, and =annihilation, not everlasting punishment=, for the wicked.
In late times there are passages in the texts which suggest that certain
souls who set out from this world for the kingdom of Osiris failed to
reach it, either because the amulets which were buried with their bodies
were not sufficiently powerful, or because their offerings to the gods
were too few when they were on earth. There is no evidence that such
souls were believed to suffer, or that the portion of the Other World
beyond which they had been unable to proceed was a sort of =purgatory=.
They dwelt in darkness during the greater part of each day, but the
Sun-god passed among them each night, and spake words on which they lived
until the next night; when he departed they wept as the doors of their
abode closed on them, and shut him from their sight.
The views of the Egyptians about the position of =heaven= PET 𓊪𓏏𓇯, and
the Other World changed in different periods.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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